lecture 9. typology of grammatical categories in english and native languages

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lecture 9. typology of grammatical categories in english and native languages problems for discussion: 1.types of grammatical categories 2. the classification of parts of speech 3.synthetic and analytical forms of languages key words: grammatical category, connotation, morphological and syntactic, categories, word formation a grammatical category isa system opposed to each other grammatical forms with similar values. members of the same grammatical category are the general grammatical meaning and differ in connotation. grammatical categories are subdivided into morphological and syntactic. among the morphological categories are distinguished, for example, the kind of grammatical categories, tense, mood, person, gender, number, case; consistent expression of these categories are characterized by the whole grammatical word classes (parts of speech). grammatical categories in different languages with a strong word formation, ie such members can be represented by the forms of the same word within its paradigm (for example, in the russian language - the tense, the …

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nto two: · grammatical macrocategories or primary grammatical categories (the term suggested by aristotle); · grammatical microcategories or secondary grammatical categories (the term suggested by aristotle). parts of speech or lexico-grammatic groups of words are primary grammatical categories. as it is known the classification of parts of speech in compared languages can be identified according to the following features of lexemes: · lexical and grammatical meaning · generalization of morphologic forms for certain word groups  according to the function of words in the sentences. every word of a certain part of speech has its own morphological forms, these forms contain morphological paradigm and can be connected with certain grammatical categories. for instance, in english the inflection –s can represent acategory of thenumber and –ed of the verb can represent tense category and etc [buranov, 1973, 101]. secondary grammatical categories are units of grammatical meaning and grammatical forms. any grammatical …

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al language means called grammatical forms. consequently, the form of the word is a variation of the same word, differentiated from each other with grammatical meanings. beyond the grammatical form, there is no grammatical meaning. grammatical meanings can be expressed not only by morphological changes of words but also by means of other words, with which it is associated in the sentence. for example, in the russian sentencesон купил пальто and он был в пальто the form of the word пальто (coat)is the same, but in the first case it has the grammatical meaning of the accusative case, and in the second - the prepositional. these meanings are formed with different connections of the word with other words in the sentence. moreover, according to the structure grammatical forms can be subdivided into synthetic form and analytical form. the main difference between synthetic form and analytical form is that synthetic forms …

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h russian uzbek somebody anything кто-то что-нибудь кимлардир,аллакимлар алланималар in english, some borrowed words keep their original plural forms. but in russian and uzbek borrowed words follow the rules of making plurality. english russian uzbek phenomenon – phenomena datum – data феномен – феномены компьютер компьютеры – стол – столлар компьютер – компьютерлар although, in english, there are nouns which form the plural by changing the root vowel. but in russian and uzbek there is no such a phenomenon. this feature can be considered as adistinctive feature of english plural form of the category of a plurality (man- men, woman – women, foot – feet, ox – oxen and etc.).moreover, in english and russian,there are also some nouns, which have only the plural form (spectacles, trousers, scissors - очки, брюки, ножницы), and they are not characterized in uzbek. thus, they can be considered as similarity in english and russian and …

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lecture 9. typology of grammatical categories in english and native languages problems for discussion: 1.types of grammatical categories 2. the classification of parts of speech 3.synthetic and analytical forms of languages key words: grammatical category, connotation, morphological and syntactic, categories, word formation a grammatical category isa system opposed to each other grammatical forms with similar values. members of the same grammatical category are the general grammatical meaning and differ in connotation. grammatical categories are subdivided into morphological and syntactic. among the morphological categories are distinguished, for example, the kind of grammatical categories, tense, mood, person, gender, number, case; consistent expression of these categories are characteriz...

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