a brief history of english

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powerpoint presentation - a brief history of english a brief history of english ...or why this language is so difficult to master... overview of english influences pre-history-1066 a.d. c.r.a.v.n. celts (brythons and gaels) up to 55 b.c. roman conquest 55 b.c. - 407 a.d. anglo-saxon period 407 a.d. - 787 a.d. viking invasions 787 a.d. - 1066 a.d. noman conquest begins in 1066 a.d. “the common source” sir william jones- a british judge stationed in india in 1780 discovers that sanskrit bears a striking resemblance to latin and greek. indo-european “the common source” (languages now spoken by 1/3 of the human race include latin, french, spanish, slavic language, russian, the celtic languages, irish, scots gaelic, and the offshoots of german- dutch and english. jacob grimm, one of the famous brothers grimm, established that the german vater (and english father) has the same root as the sanskrit/latin pitar/pater. words such as …

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ed camps that eventually became towns. maintained relative peace. latin heavily influenced the english language. christianity begins to replace paganism, especially after st. augustine converts king aethelbert in 597. the anglo-saxon period 410-787 a.d. anglo-saxons-jutes important events in the (first) anglo-saxon period 410-450 angles and saxons invade from baltic shores of germany, and jutes invade from jutland peninsula in denmark, thus driving out the celts. nine anglo-saxon kingdoms eventually become the anglo-saxon heptarchy (england not unified) or “seven sovereign kingdoms”. king alfred “the great” managed peace against the danes for about a generation, until william of normandy defeated them in 1066. anglo-saxon literature germanic ethos that celebrated the warrior and his exploits. most storytelling was oral. old english poetry became distinctive... alliteration- repetition of consonant sounds kenning- a metaphor expressed as a compound noun - “whale-path” for the seacaesura- a break or pause in poetry caesura- a break or pause …

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and the context of beowulf, and we study beowulf to understand the world which was old english. consider the fighting, hunting, farming and loving anglo-saxon heritage. the non-christians only hope was for fame and commemoration in poetry. beowulf is considered the shining star of old english literature. the book of exeter is the largest surviving collection of poetry. viking invasion the vikings were sea-faring, explorers, traders and warriors, scandinavians during the 8th-11th centuries. expeditions that plundered and ended in conquest and settlements of britain. king alfred “the great” in 871 was able to use the language to appeal the english and his efforts saved the language. importance of the viking invasions politically and culturally- there was no central government or church* but the anglo-saxon code is evident in beowulf. linguistically old english is born- mainly germanic (although even germanic languages are derived from a theoretical proto-indo-european language, the grandparent of …

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nce on old english, which becomes obsolete. william maintains efficient system of government of anglo-saxons, but replaces the english nobility with normans, and creates a great class division that oppressed the anglo-saxons. a brief glimpse of the history of english from “our father” old english 400- 1066 beowulf fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum si þin nama gehalgod tobecume þin rice gewurþe þin willa on eorðan swa swa on heofonum urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us to dæg and forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele soþlice. middle english 1066- 1485 chaucer oure fadir þat art in heuenes halwid be þi name; þi reume or kyngdom come to be. be þi wille don in herþe as it is doun in heuene. yeue to us today oure eche dayes bred. and foryeue to us oure dettis …

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re used by early germanic tribes on documents in stone, wood and metal. they relied on these symbols not only for writing but also to tell fortunes, cast spells, and provide protection. the runic alphabet, or futhark, gets its name from the first six sounds, much like our alphabet “a,b,c’s”. can you write your name in runes? check out the nova website: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vikings/runes.html runic writing…

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powerpoint presentation - a brief history of english a brief history of english ...or why this language is so difficult to master... overview of english influences pre-history-1066 a.d. c.r.a.v.n. celts (brythons and gaels) up to 55 b.c. roman conquest 55 b.c. - 407 a.d. anglo-saxon period 407 a.d. - 787 a.d. viking invasions 787 a.d. - 1066 a.d. noman conquest begins in 1066 a.d. “the common source” sir william jones- a british judge stationed in india in 1780 discovers that sanskrit bears a striking resemblance to latin and greek. indo-european “the common source” (languages now spoken by 1/3 of the human race include latin, french, spanish, slavic language, russian, the celtic languages, irish, scots gaelic, and the offshoots of german- …

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