uzbekistan state world languages university lecture 1

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презентация powerpoint uzbekistan state world languages university lecture 1 the place of the english language in genetic and morphological typology of languages. the teachers of english will have to know how the human languages work, in which ways they are alike and in which ways they are different, how languages and their relatives have spread across the world. which is the subject matter of genetic / genealogical classification of languages grammar is … grammar [me gramere, fr. mf gramaire, modif. of l grammatica, fr. gk grammatike, fr.fem. of grammaticos of letters, fr. grammat-, gramma – more at gram] 1 a: the study of the classes of words, their inflections, and their functions and relations in the sentence. 1 b: a study of what is to be preferred and what avoided in inflection and syntax. 2 a: the characteristic system of inflections and syntax of a language. 2 b: a system …

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pes of grammar grammar external internal universal historical syntagmatic contrastive formal cognitive comparative descriptive associative essential notions of grammar grammatical form grammatical meaning grammatical category categorial meaning syntactic structure phrase structure combinability parts of speech parts of the sentence form-building means theoretical grammar theoretical grammar is a scientific theory the aim of theoretical grammar is to present a theoretical description of the grammatical system of the english language the main notions in the study of theoretical grammar are: grammatical category and grammatical meaning classification of languages morphological classification in the morphological classification the languages are compared from the point of view of their grammatical structure, grammatical peculiarities. genetic or genealogical classification the genetic classification or typology deals with the origin of languages. there are many languages in the world which relate to many language families. no one so far could define the exact number of languages and language families. but …

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the british isles. today there are more than ten widespread indo-european groups of languages, some of them are: slavonic/slavic, romance, germanic, indian, persian, baltic and others which are descended from proto-indo-european language, which may also be called as a source language. modern english is one of the germanic group of indo-european family of languages. nowadays it is not difficult to prove that the mentioned languages are related to each other. some words about the uzbek language. uzbek is said to be a turkic language. in modern linguistics there are two different approaches in classifying turkic languages. some linguists use the “term” “turkic” while others use the term altaic. those who use the term “turkic family” they keep in mind the languages like uzbek, turkish, kazakh, kirghiz, tatar, uyghur, azari, yakut and some others while those who use the term “altaic” family they include the languages like japanese, mongolian and korean …

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respect: - european approach - american approach both approaches classify languages from the point of view of their grammatical structure. flectional (there are other terms like inflecting, fusional) languages to connect words in sentences most often use, grammatical inflections. the european linguists divide the flectional languages into two subtypes: flectional synthetic and flectional analytical languages. the flectional –synthetic languages are rich in grammatical inflections which are of primary importance in connecting words in sentences and due to this feature these languages have relatively free order of words. all the slavonic and semitic languages are said to be flectional- synthetic languages. in the following sentence of the russian language the speaker is free to change the order of words. - он читает книгу. - он книгу читает. - книгу он читает. - книгу читает он. - читает он книгу. - читает книгу он. all these sentences are grammatically correct though logically …

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ve type of language. compare the following examples: мен шошяпман (uzbek). я спешу (russian). the predicates in both languages express the following grammatical meanings: the first person, the present tense and the singular number. but in the russian language all these grammatical meanings are expressed by the inflection “-y” while in the uzbek language each of these grammatical meanings have their own grammatical means to express them. in the isolating languages word forms do not change which means that these languages do not have grammatical inflections. they have three grammatical means: tone, functional words and word order. one and the same word may be pronounced by four different tones which will express both lexical and grammatical meanings of the word. functional words are characteristic to all the languages. absence or lack of grammatical inflections presupposes the existence of other grammatical means. chinese – tibetan languages are said to be isolating. …

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презентация powerpoint uzbekistan state world languages university lecture 1 the place of the english language in genetic and morphological typology of languages. the teachers of english will have to know how the human languages work, in which ways they are alike and in which ways they are different, how languages and their relatives have spread across the world. which is the subject matter of genetic / genealogical classification of languages grammar is … grammar [me gramere, fr. mf gramaire, modif. of l grammatica, fr. gk grammatike, fr.fem. of grammaticos of letters, fr. grammat-, gramma – more at gram] 1 a: the study of the classes of words, their inflections, and their functions and relations in the sentence. 1 b: a …

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