genetic engineering in animal production: applications and prospects

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ication of organisms. the techniques permit individual or group of genes to be isolated from large masses of dna and produced in virtually unlimited quantities. this is through recombining dna fragments from one organism and transferring them to another for expression. the hybrid molecule formed when a fragment of dna from one organism is spliced to another dna fragment is called recombinant dna. genetic engineering in animal production has a growing number of practical benefits, such as in the production of transgenic animals resist to disease, increasing productivity of animals, in the treatment of genetic disorders and in the production of vaccines. this technology will provide various applications in biomedicine that are rather unthinkable without it. apart from economic constraints, there are concerns of well-being and ethics as introduction of genes from one organism to another may create alteration of the natural genetic balance and lead into undesirable consequences. notwithstanding …

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etic material from different organisms, as is the case for a plasmid containing a gene of interest (rossana and cristina, 2010). several developments provided the necessary stimulus for gene manipulation to become a reality. the first major step forward in the ability to chemically modify genes occurred when american biologist martin gellert and his colleagues from the national institutes of health purified and characterized an enzyme in escherichia coli responsible for the actual joining, or recombining, of separate pieces of dna. they called their find "dna- joining enzyme," and this enzyme is now known as dna biochem biotechnol res 22 asaye et al. 13 ligase. this enzyme can join two segments of dna together, a prerequisite for the construction of recombinant molecules, and can be regarded as a sort of molecular glue. a second major step forward in gene modification was the discovery of restriction enzymes, a major milestone in …

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c engineering include; the isolation, cutting and transfer of specific dna pieces, corresponding to specific genes (klug and cummings, 2002). vectors vectors are dna molecules used to transfer a gene into a host (microbial, plant, animal) cell; and to provide control elements for replication, selection and expression (dominic, 2006). artificial vectors are constructed by cutting and joining dna molecules from different sources using various restriction endonucleases and dna ligase (anil and neha, 2005). the minimal features of a vector consist of origin of replication, a selection gene (usually an antibiotic resistant gene), and a cloning site to introduce foreign dna (cornel, 2007). plasmids plasmids are circular, double-stranded dna molecules that can multiply in bacteria independent of the bacterial genome (figure 1). because the size of a plasmid is not limited, in principle, you can clone any amount of dna into them, which makes them wonderful tools in molecular biology (cornel, …

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nd preservation in yeast cells. ars elements are thought to act as replication origin (strachan, 2011). a yac is built using an initial circular plasmid, which is typically broken into two linear molecules using restriction enzymes; dna ligase is used to ligate a sequence or gene of interest between two linear molecules, forming a single large linear piece of dna (strachan, 2011). yeast artiﬁcial chromosomes (yacs) are capable of replicating and being selected in common bacterial hosts figure 2. life cycle of bacteriophage. source: dominic (2006). such as escherichia coli, as well as in the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. they are of relatively small size (approximately 12 kb) and of circular form when ampliﬁed or manipulated in e. coli, but rendered linear and of very large size, that is, several hundreds of kilo bases (kb), when introduced as cloning vectors in yeast. their capacity to accept large dna inserts enables …

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see discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298792394 genetic engineering in animal production: applications and prospects article · april 2014 citations 3 reads 20,936 3 authors: mebratu a. bitew university of california, davis 8 publications 82 citations habtamu biyazen derseh federation university australia 23 publications 77 citations see profile see profile mekonnen girma international livestock research institute 13 publications 54 citationssee profile some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: tropical poultry genetic solutions (tpgs) view project chicken health 4 development (ch4d) view project all content following this page was uploaded by habtamu biyazen derseh on 18 march ...

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