organism reactivity. role of reactivity in human pathology

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organism reactivity. role of reactivity in human pathology plan 1. reactivity and resistance 2. types of reactivity 3. protective mechanisms; barriers (external,internal, smph) 4. cellular and humoral mechanisms of the reactivity. role of the cns and endocrine system in reactivity 5. role of constitution in pathology reactivity and resistance reactivity is ability of the organism to alter functional activity of the systems and organs for the adaptation of organism to new conditions of the environment for the survival. the concept “reactivity” is connected with the concept “resistance”. resistance is a state of insusceptibility of an organism to the influence of pathogenic factors. there are such types of resistance: active and passive, primary and secondary, specific and unspecific. active resistance is a result of the organism adaptation to the long time pathological factor influences. passive resistance is a result of anatomical and physiological peculiarities of each organism. primary (congenital) resistance is …

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es of fishes move to the defined places for reproduction. some animals can fall into a state of anabiosis, which is accompanied by lowering of their vital activity. individual reactivity is the reactivity of every individual. individual reactivity is determined by age, sex, heredity, constitution, and functional conditions of organism’sregulatory systems, external environmental influences. for example: some diseases arise only in infant organism (measles, roseola, small pox, rachitis, scarlet-fever) but not in adult’s one. children are less adapted to sharp changes of air temperature, but infant organism is more resistant to the hypoxia (oxygen deficiency), than adults. resistance of the old organism to the infection reduces, but the number of cancer-ill adults and atherosclerotic-ill increases. old people have very slowly developing inflammatory reaction. the dependence of the reactivity on sex can be explained by the morphological and physiological peculiarities of men and women. reactivity of a female organism varies during …

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n normal life conditions. pathological unspecific reactivity is the complex of an organism’s reactions in abnormal life conditions as a result of the decrease of the adaptive potential of an organism (for example: shock, collapse, narcosis). mechanisms of the unspecific reactivity are realized by means of nervous system reactions (central nervous system, vegetative nervous system), endocrine system reactions; barrier systems; cell’s reactions; humoral reactions. the nervous and endocrine system are the main systems, which form the organism’s reactions on the various factors. the nervous system changes activity of receptors, neurons, nervous fibres, spinal cord and brain in the new vital conditions. the alteration of the nervous system activity changes the organism resistance. for example, the extreme stimulation of the central nervous system by coffeine reduces the resistance of an organism to hypoxia. the psychic trauma complicates the disease course. reactivity of an organism depends on the vegetative nervous system conditions. …

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, is possible to explain on the example of stress-reaction. canadian pathologist selye was the first who has worked out the concept about stress. stress is the unspecific reaction of an organism to different influences. hypothalamus-hypophisis-suprarenal system plays the main role. this system carries out a general adaptive syndrome. the barrier systems preserve an organism against the pathological factors of the external environment. there are external and internal barriers. the external barriers the external barriers are skin, mucous membranes, liver, spleen, lymphatic nodes and other organs, which have the cells of the system of mononuclear phagocytes. the skin is covered with multilayer epithelium. it is a barrier for the majority of microorganisms. peeling of a surface layer promotes the deleting of bacteria. the clean skin has bactericidal activity, which depends on the рн of the sweat, on the structure of a secret of grease glands, on the excretion of antiseptic …

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marrow); 3) mutual structure (all these cells have one nucleus). all cells of the sмp occur from the stem cell of red bone marrow and develop according to such scheme: stem cell → promonocyte → monocyte. monocytes enter into the blood and are divided into two groups: circulating and pre-wall. the pre-wall monocytes penetrate through the vessel wall and enter the tissues. monocytes differentiation occurs in tissue and these cells transform into the macrophages of this organ. tissue macrophages were found in various organs (table). cells localization of cells cell precursors bone marrow promonocytes bone marrow monocytes bone marrow monocytes peripheral blood macrophages connective tissue - histiocytes liver - kupffer’s cells lungs - alveolar macrophages spleen - free and fixed macrophages bone marrow - macrophages serose cavities - pleural and peritoneal macrophages limphatic nodes - free and fixed macrophages osteal tissue - osteoclastes nervous system - microglial cells skin - …

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organism reactivity. role of reactivity in human pathology plan 1. reactivity and resistance 2. types of reactivity 3. protective mechanisms; barriers (external,internal, smph) 4. cellular and humoral mechanisms of the reactivity. role of the cns and endocrine system in reactivity 5. role of constitution in pathology reactivity and resistance reactivity is ability of the organism to alter functional activity of the systems and organs for the adaptation of organism to new conditions of the environment for the survival. the concept “reactivity” is connected with the concept “resistance”. resistance is a state of insusceptibility of an organism to the influence of pathogenic factors. there are such types of resistance: active and passive, primary and secondary, specific and unspecific. active...

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