data collection

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tools & methods of data collection s k maheshwari 4/21/2015 * content to be covered……. concepts of data collection data sources, methods /techniques quantitative and qualitative. tools for data collection – types, characteristics and their development validity and reliability of tools 4/21/2015 * data collection data- piece of information about the phenomenon under study. aim of gathering and summarizing the data- transform data into meaningful information in order to identify and measure variables. an ideal data collection procedure should be clear, unbiased, reliable and valid. 4/21/2015 * data collection the 5 w’s of data collection are: what data is to be collected? from whom data is to be collected? who will collect data? from where the data will be collected? when is the data collected? 4/21/2015 * data collection method primary data secondary data tools & methods of data collection tools a device/ instrument used by the researcher to collect …

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int interviews life histories oral histories critical incidents diaries & journals the think-aloud method photo elicitation interviews quantitative self-reports structured interview questioning scales q-sorts vignettes qualitative self-reports 4/21/2015 * interview involves verbal communication between the researcher and the subject during which information is provided to the researcher. interview is a conversation carried art with the definite purpose of obtaining certain information by means of spoken word. most common method in qualitative and descriptive studies. investigator collect data directly from the participants by having face to face contact, to obtain factual data about opinion, attitude etc. 4/21/2015 * interview: benefits provides in–depth and detailed information data from illiterate subjects higher response clarify mis-understanding ask questions at several levels helps to gather supplementary information use of special devices accuracy can be checked flexible and adaptable 4/21/2015 * types of interview unstructured interview (non directive or non standardized) semi structured interview (or) focused …

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ormation cannot be compared. analysis will be difficult. data interpretation based on researcher’s perception and subjective feelings. time wasting. semi- structured interview used when researcher have a list of topics or broad questions that must be addressed in an interview interviewer's make a topic guide/interview guide containing broad list of topics to be covered in an interview. topic guide- a set of questions or list of topics participants are assured to talk freely about the topic mention in topic guide. researcher will ask questions to different ways to different participants. includes both closed ended and open ended questions. 4/21/2015 * semi- structured interview 4/21/2015 * advantages less prone to interviewer's bias. more information can be explored from the respondent’s. needed data is collected. guides the interview. disadvantages some of the information may not be revealed. need to prepare a topic guide. structured interview it involves asking the same questions, in …

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. ample opportunity is given to respondents to express their views. 4/21/2015 * focus – group interviews 4/21/2015 * advantages efficient and can generate a lot of information. stimulates new ideas and creative concepts involves many participants at one time. participants may feel comfortable to answer in a group with similar interests. disadvantages chances of client or researcher’s bias. may be difficult to moderate by one person. data difficult to code, analyze and interpret. focus group may not be representative of entire population. joint interviews they are conducted simultaneously to understand the phenomenon involving two or more parties. people involved in the interview are intimately related. example: experiences of aids patients and their caretakers. merits: helpful in observing dynamics between two key actors. de-merits: only supplements information. may be un-comfortable to participants as some things can not be discussed in front of other people. 4/21/2015 * life histories they are …

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nd journals personal diaries and journals provide an intimate and detailed description of person’s everyday life. they can be unstructured or semi-structured. they provide information about how people prevent illness, maintain health, experience morbidity and treat health problems. they can be used for people with literacy skills and depend on high level of participant cooperation. example: older adults with chronic health problems can be asked to maintain a diary over 2-week period for 15 mins per day to explore various strategies used by them to manage health problems. 4/21/2015 * photo- elicitation interviews it involves an interview stimulated and guided by photographic images. photographs of the participant’s world are taken up by the researcher themselves or by the participants and become a stimulus for discussion. example: in an attempt to explore meaning and experience of hope among young people living in australia, participants can be given a disposable camera to …

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tools & methods of data collection s k maheshwari 4/21/2015 * content to be covered……. concepts of data collection data sources, methods /techniques quantitative and qualitative. tools for data collection – types, characteristics and their development validity and reliability of tools 4/21/2015 * data collection data- piece of information about the phenomenon under study. aim of gathering and summarizing the data- transform data into meaningful information in order to identify and measure variables. an ideal data collection procedure should be clear, unbiased, reliable and valid. 4/21/2015 * data collection the 5 w’s of data collection are: what data is to be collected? from whom data is to be collected? who will collect data? from where the data will be collected? …

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