anatomy of the heart

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heart & middle mediastinum anatomy of the heart con’t… blood supply of the heart heart is supplied by 2 coronary arteries: right coronary left coronary origin of the coronary arteries left coronary artery arises from left aortic sinus l r p right coronary a arises from right aortic sinus are dilatation that lie above the cusps and are known as: right left & posterior or (non-coronary) pulmonary sinuses are right, left & anterior a l r branches and distribution of the coronary arteries ; left ventricle distribution and branches of the right coronary artery posterior iv branch node node distribution and branches of the left coronary artery distribution of the coronary arteries right coronary artery supplies: right atrium right ventricle s-a node (60%) a-v node (80%) inter-atrial septum a part of the left atrium posterior 1/3 of the inter-ventricular septum a portion of the posterior part of the left ventricle …

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ight coronary artery (seen in 50-70% of the population). in ‘left dominance of the heart’ the posterior interventricular artery is from circumflex branch of left coronary artery (seen in 15-20% of the population) in ‘balanced (co-dominent) pattern’ branches of both coronary arteries run in or near the posterior interventricular sulcus (seen in 10-30% of people). in such hearts, both right and left coronary arteries share equally in blood supply of the heart in general. left dominance of the heart venous return from the heart most of the venous blood of the heart pass to a large vein, the coronary sinus, that lies in the coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus which is a groove between the atria & the ventricles the coronary sinus receives tributaries from the heart & drains into the right atrium where it opens at the ‘opening of the coronary sinus’ some of the venous blood of the heart may …

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ft atrium, & rarely associated with the left ventricle. v e n o u s d r a i n a g e oblique vein of the left atrium auto-conducting system of the heart consists of specialized cardiac muscle fibers present in the: sino-atrial (s.a.) node atrio-ventricular (a.v.) node atrio-ventricular bundle (of his) right & left bundle branches purkinje fibers these fibers conduct impulses of heart beat initiated by the s.a. node, without nerve supply purkinje fibers bundle septum s.a. & a.v. nodes sino–atrial (s.a.) node, is the pace maker of the heart, and lies deep to the epicardium at junction of svc and right atrium atrio-ventricular (a.v.) node lies in postero-inferior region of inter-atrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus) atrio-ventricular bundle lies in the fibrous skeleton of the heart b/n atria & ventricles and runs along the membranous part of the inter-ventricular septum (ivs). at the …

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the cervical & superior thoracic sympathetic ganglia post synaptic fibers pass to the s.a. & a.v. nodes and to walls of coronary sinuses stimulation of sympathetic fibers: -increases the rate & force of contraction of the heart and dilates the coronary arteries parasympathetic fibers are: pre-synaptic fibers originate from vagus (dorsal nucleus of vagus) these synapse in intrinsic ganglia found in the atrial wall & in the inter-atrial septum post-synaptic fibers supply s.a. & a.v. nodes and the walls of the coronary arteries stimulation of parasympathetic fibers: -slows the heart beat, reduces force of contraction & constricts the coronary arteries cardiac pain visceral sensory fibers pass back to the central nervous system in sympathetic nerves from the heart. in ischaemic cardiac pain, (myocardial infarction or in angina pectoralis) impulses of pain pass to the spinal cord mainly via the upper thoracic spinal nerves (t1- 4 & intercostobrachial nerve (t2 & …

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mmonly known as heart attach: caused by sudden reduction or stoppage of coronary flow resulting in necrosis of the cardiac muscle. s/s: severe pain that does not go away by rest! coronary bypass: is a surgical procedure whereby a segment of a vein (great saphenous vein) is used to bypass an obstructed coronary vessel. characteristic hand gestures used to describe cardiac pain typical radiation of pain is shown in the schematic drawing typical ischaemic cardiac pain ii. valve defects (examples) valvular stenosis: causes chamber hypertrophy pulmonary valve stenosis (narrowing) and infundibular pulmonary stenosis: restricts right ventricular (rv) outflow, can lead to rv hypertrophy (degree is variable). aortic valve stenosis: narrowing of the aortic valve; may be caused by rheumatic fever or degenerative calcification; results in left ventricular hypertrophy valvular incompetency (insufficiency): causes murmur due to backflow of blood pulmonary valve insufficiency: valve does not close properly, results in a backrush …

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heart & middle mediastinum anatomy of the heart con’t… blood supply of the heart heart is supplied by 2 coronary arteries: right coronary left coronary origin of the coronary arteries left coronary artery arises from left aortic sinus l r p right coronary a arises from right aortic sinus are dilatation that lie above the cusps and are known as: right left & posterior or (non-coronary) pulmonary sinuses are right, left & anterior a l r branches and distribution of the coronary arteries ; left ventricle distribution and branches of the right coronary artery posterior iv branch node node distribution and branches of the left coronary artery distribution of the coronary arteries right coronary artery supplies: right atrium right ventricle …

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