energy sources

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Updated Dec 2025

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topic 7 - energy resources sources of energy coal coal use thermal coal (about 90% use): used mainly in power stations to produce high pressure steam, which then drives turbines to generate electricity. also used to fire cement and lime kilns. until the middle of the 20th century used in steam engines. metallurgical coal: used as a source of carbon, for converting a metal ore to metal. removing the oxygen in the ore by forcing it to combine with the carbon in the coal to form co2. coking coal: specific type of metallurgical coal. used for making iron in blast furnaces. new redevelopment of the coal industry: in view of rising energy prices. 1 2 coal consumption, 1950-1998 (in millions of tons) 1 3 source: worldwatch institute. coal as % of energy use and electricity generation, 1998 1 4 source: worldwatch institute. 2 petroleum nature formation of oil deposits: decay …

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ors were so convenient that a dependency on petroleum was created. taxes should oil be taxed? should the development of alternative sources of energy be accelerated or enforced? 2 8 factors of oil dependency occurrence localized large deposits (decades) transportability liquid that can be easily transported. economies of scale energy content high mass / energy released ratio reliability continuous supply; geopolitically unstable storability easily stored flexibility many uses (petrochemical industry; plastics) safety relatively safe; some risks (transport) environment little wastes, co2 emissions price relatively low costs 2 9 costs of finding oil, 1977-2000 2 10 source: form eia-28, “financial reporting system.” petroleum oil reserves the world oil production is currently running at capacity: limited opportunities to expand production. 20% of the world’s outcome comes from 14 fields. ghawar: the world’s largest oil field; been on production since 1951. produces approximately 4.5 million barrels of oil per day. 55 to 60% …

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.4 5.9 25.2 16.3 0%20%40%60%80%100% 1973 2000 industry transport non-energy other sectors 9,900 production consumption not included 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 197719791981198319851987198919911993199519971999 costs of finding oil ($ per barrel) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 difference difference between oil costs and finding costs worldwide oil finding costs 050100150200250300 saudi arabia iraq iran kuwait united arab emirates russia venezuela nigeria libya china united states mexico algeria norway angola billions of barrels /docprops/thumbnail.jpeg

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topic 7 - energy resources sources of energy coal coal use thermal coal (about 90% use): used mainly in power stations to produce high pressure steam, which then drives turbines to generate electricity. also used to fire cement and lime kilns. until the middle of the 20th century used in steam engines. metallurgical coal: used as a source of carbon, for converting a metal ore to metal. removing the oxygen in the ore by forcing it to combine with the carbon in the coal to form co2. coking coal: specific type of metallurgical coal. used for making iron in blast furnaces. new redevelopment of the coal industry: in view of rising energy prices. 1 2 coal consumption, 1950-1998 (in millions …

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