gothic language

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theme: theme: first germanic sound shift theme: yokutkhon rakhmonkulova dead language belonging to the now extinct east germanc group of the germanc subfamily of the indo-european family of languages. gothic has special value for the linguist because it was recorded several hundred years before the oldest surviving texts of all the other germanc languages (except for a handful of earlier runic inscriptions in old norse). thus it sheds light on an older stage of a germanc language and on the development of germanc languages in general. the earliest extant document in gothic preserves part of a translation of the bible made in the 4th cent. a.d. by ulfilas, a gothic bishop. this translation is written in an adaptation of the greek alphabet, supposedly devised by the bishop himself, which was later discarded. the gothic language is known to us by a translation of the bible known as codex argenteus ("the …

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re are some gothic letters of runic or latin origin. principal features of gothic as all the germanc languages gothic also has the stress on the first syllable. noun and adjectives: gothic has five cases:  nominative:for nouns acting as the subject of the sentence  genitive: expresses possessive relationships  dative: for nouns acting as the indirect object  accusative: for nouns acting as the direct object  vocative:for the person addressed (it is usually the same form as the nominative). nouns: the inflectional ending depends on: ▪the stem of the word: the stems include a-, ia-, 0-, i-, u- and n-stems. these terms refer to the reconstructed primitive germanc (eg bird: "fug/s" is an a-stem, cf the primitive germanc word: *fuglaz). ▪the gender of the word: gothic has masculine, feminine and neuter nouns. ▪whether the word is singular or plural. adjectives: the adjective takes the same gender, number …

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the verb indicates: - the person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and the number (singular, dual, plural) a personal pronoun is used when needed for emphasis or contrast. i n other cases gothic suffice with the verb on its own. - the mood: gothic uses the indicative, imperative and subjunctive. - the tense: there are only two forms, the present tense for the present and future, and the preterite for the past tenses (there are as yet no analytical compound verb forms such as "have done"). the preterite can be formed in various ways: a) by a vowel change (strong verbs) - this method goes as far back as indo european. b) by adding a dental suffix (weak verbs) with the sounds /d/ (as in english then) or f'p/ (as in english thin). weak verbs are an innovation of the germanc languages. c) by reduplication, eg sleep: slepan - salslep - salslepum). …

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theme: theme: first germanic sound shift theme: yokutkhon rakhmonkulova dead language belonging to the now extinct east germanc group of the germanc subfamily of the indo-european family of languages. gothic has special value for the linguist because it was recorded several hundred years before the oldest surviving texts of all the other germanc languages (except for a handful of earlier runic inscriptions in old norse). thus it sheds light on an older stage of a germanc language and on the development of germanc languages in general. the earliest extant document in gothic preserves part of a translation of the bible made in the 4th cent. a.d. by ulfilas, a gothic bishop. this translation is written in an adaptation of the …

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