english literature in the 18th century (enlightenment in england)

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english literature in the 18th century (enlightenment in england) lecturer: madina madiyeva general background the eighteenth-century philosophical impulse known as the enlightenment rested on five general beliefs: the inevitability of progress; the perfectibility of man and his institutions; the efficacy of reason; the beneficence of god; the plentitude and perfection of nature. in the eighteenth century england achieved, politically and economically the position of a great power in europe. eighteenth century england was distinguished also in science and philosophy. (isaac newton, david hume, adam smith). the most active sections of population at that time were the commercial classes that are the middle classes. general background the writers and philosophers of this age reflected the ideology of the middle class. they protested against the survival of feudalism. they thought that vice was due to ignorance, so they started a public movement for enlightening the people. the enlighteners wanted to bring knowledge …

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and famous dramatist richard brinsley sheridan. аlexander pope (1688 - 1744) one of the great names in english poetry of the early 18th century is that of alexander pope. being a classicist he developed a taste for the art of ancient greece and rome. in 1715 pope published a part of his translations of the “iliad” and the “odyssey” of homer, which brought him fame. he considered that one should follow the strict rules in poetry if wanted to become a real poet. in 1709 he published his “pastorals”, written as an imitation of ancient authors. in 1711 his “an essay on criticism” was published. in the work the author had presented his aesthetic principles. in his satirical works “the rape of the lock”(1712), “the dunciad” the poet ridiculed the vices of the society. thus it was as a satirist that pope was most effective. at his best, in “the …

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successful was journalism and literature. in 1701 defoe wrote a satire in verse, “the true-born englishman”. it was written against those, who declared that the english race should be kept pure. in the satire defoe proved that trueborn englishmen did not exist, since the english nation consisted of anglo-saxons, danes, normans, and others. in 1719, he tried his hand at another kind of literature - fiction, and wrote the novel “the life and adventures of robinson crusoe”. after the book was published, defoe became famous and rich. now he wrote for four public magazines and received a regular sum of money from the government. other novels which defoe wrote were also very much talked about during his lifetime, but we do not hear much about them now. defoe published “the life of captain singleton” in 1720, a vivid tale with piracy and africa as its background, “the fortunes and misfortunes …

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rompted many classical tragedies modeled on those of ancient rome. the drama of the eighteenth century does not reach the same high level as the novel. one has to wait late in the century for goldsmith and sheridan, to find writers who make any permanent contribution to the english stage. of a number of reasons which might be invented in explanation it is at least certain that the licensing act of 1737 restricted the freedom of expression by dramatists and drove a number of good men out of the theatre. further, it was clear also that the middle-class commercial classes were gaining sufficient ascendancy to impose their obtuse views on the themes that would be acceptable in the theatre. outstanding in the early decades of the century is john gay’s “beggar’s opera”, a play with ballads (1728); oliver goldsmith’s “she stoops to conquer”, and richard brinsley sheridan’s “rivals” and “school …

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h addison and richard steele. they started and directed several magazines for which they wrote pamphlets and essays. in 1709 steele issued a magazine, “the tatler”. it was followed by others: “the spectator” (1711), “the guardian” (1713), and “the englishman”(1713). in the latter political problems were discussed. periodical newspapers also helped to spread information among the general public. joseph addison richard steele (1672-1719) (1672-1729) drama of the 18th century continued traditions of restoration play-wrights. sentimental tragedies were popular with the growing audience. the interest in classical literature prompted many classical tragedies modeled on those of ancient rome. the drama of the eighteenth century does not reach the same high level as the novel. one has to wait late in the century for goldsmith and sheridan, to find writers who make any permanent contribution to the english stage. of a number of reasons which might be invented in explanation it is …

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english literature in the 18th century (enlightenment in england) lecturer: madina madiyeva general background the eighteenth-century philosophical impulse known as the enlightenment rested on five general beliefs: the inevitability of progress; the perfectibility of man and his institutions; the efficacy of reason; the beneficence of god; the plentitude and perfection of nature. in the eighteenth century england achieved, politically and economically the position of a great power in europe. eighteenth century england was distinguished also in science and philosophy. (isaac newton, david hume, adam smith). the most active sections of population at that time were the commercial classes that are the middle classes. general background the writers and philosophers of this age reflected the ide...

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