renaissance

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renaissance lecturer: madina madiyeva renaissance renaissance was a great cultural movement that began in italy during the early 1330’s. it spread to england, france, germany, the netherlands, spain, and other countries in the late 1400’s and ended about 1600. the word “renaissance” comes from the latin word “rinascere” and means rebirth. the renaissance was the period when european culture was at its height. at that time great importance was assigned to intellect, experience, scientific experiment. the new ideology proclaimed the value of human individuality. this new outlook was called humanism. the humanists were scholars and artists who studied subjects that they believed would help them better understand the problems of humanity. these subjects included literature and philosophy. the humanists considered that the civilizations of ancient greece and rome had excelled in such subjects and could serve as models. during the middle ages the most important branch of learning was theology …

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more books at lower costs. by 1640 caxton’s and other presses had printed more than 216,000 different works and editions. it is estimated that by 1530 more than half the population of england was literate. learning at that time flourished (yaxshi rivojlanmoq) not only at oxford and cambridge, but at the lower educational levels too. at that period new types of literature were imported from the european continent. chief (asosiy, muhim) among these were the sonnet, imported by wyatt and surrey from italy, where it had been perfected by francis petrarch; and the essay, imported by sir francis bacon from france. other verse forms were also borrowed from the italian and the french. the native drama continued to develop and gain popularity. the height of the renaissance under the reign of elizabeth i (1558-1603), order was restored, and england entered upon her most glorious age. elizabeth was only twenty-five when …

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en age of english drama. in 1576, james burbage built england’s first playhouse, called the theatre, in a subburb of london. until this time, drama had been performed in the streets, in homes and palaces, and at english universities. after burbage built the theatre, other playhouses were constructed, which rapidly increased the popularity of drama. a group of leading elizabethan playwrights was known as the “university wits” because they had attended the famous english universities at oxford or cambridge. these playwrights included robert greene, christopher marlowe, and george peele. marlowe was the most important dramatist among the wits. the height of the renaissance william shakespeare, ben jonson and other more than a dozen first-rate playwrights also created their skillful dramas at that period. blank verse, introduced into the language by surrey, became the main form for writing tragedies and comedies. in 1600, when the new century began, elizabeth was an …

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tan government closed all playhouses in 1649. the greatest of the puritan poets, and one of the greatest english poets was john milton, latin secretary to the puritan commonwealth. while in this position his sight began to fail; eventually he became blind. he composed “paradise lost”, his greatest work and the most successful english epic, sightless. supplement three chief forms of poetry flourished during the elizabethan age. they were: the lyric is a short poem that expresses a poet’s personal emotions and thoughts in a songlike style. the sonnet is a 14-line poem with a certain pattern of rhyme and rhythm. elizabethan poets wrote two types of sonnets, the italian sonnet and the english sonnet. the two types differed in the arrangement of the rhymes. sir thomas wyatt introduced the sonnet from italy into english literature in the early 1500’s. william shakespeare and edmund spenser wrote sonnet sequences. a sonnet …

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” at the age of thirty-eight. it was written in latin. “utopia” is an account of an ideal society, with justice and equality for all citizens. this masterpiece gave the word “utopia” to many languages of the world. “utopia” is divided into two books. book i contains a conversation between more himself, the flemish humanist petrus aegidius, and a philosophical sailor raphael hythloday. their conversation deals with social and economic conditions in europe and in england. book ii is dedicated to hythloday’s description of the island of utopia (meaning nowhere), which he visited during one of his journeys. it is a state that has achieved absolute social and economic harmony. in “utopia” the author criticizes the social system of england. he advances the proposal that education should be provided for everybody, men and women. he advocates tolerance for every form of religion. wars and warriors are abolished in utopia. kings …

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renaissance lecturer: madina madiyeva renaissance renaissance was a great cultural movement that began in italy during the early 1330’s. it spread to england, france, germany, the netherlands, spain, and other countries in the late 1400’s and ended about 1600. the word “renaissance” comes from the latin word “rinascere” and means rebirth. the renaissance was the period when european culture was at its height. at that time great importance was assigned to intellect, experience, scientific experiment. the new ideology proclaimed the value of human individuality. this new outlook was called humanism. the humanists were scholars and artists who studied subjects that they believed would help them better understand the problems of humanity. these subjects included literature and philosophy. the ...

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