qadimgi markaziy osiyoda ilm-fan, madaniyat va pedagogik fikr rivojida nasaf va kesh allomalarining tutgan o’rni

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1403168832_43658.doc www.arxiv.uz qadimgi markaziy osiyoda ilm-fan, madaniyat va pedagogik fikr rivojida nasaf va kesh allomalarining tutgan oârni rðµjð°: 1. qð°dimgi ðð°rkð°ziy ðsiyodð° ilm-fð°n, mð°dð°niyat. 2. qð°dimgi nð°sð°f vð° ððµshdð° mð°dð°niyat vð° maârifð°t. 3. qð°dimgi ðcshdð° ilm-fð°n, mð°dð°niyat vð° maârifð°t. qð°dimgi ðð°rkð°ziy ðsiyodð° ilm-fð°n, mð°dð°niyat yosh ð°vlð¾dni tð°rbiyalð°sh vð° oâqishsh nð°zð°riyasi vð° ð°mð°liyosh tð°rð°qqiyosh tð°riñ ini bilmð°sdð°n turib kð¾mil insð¾nni tð°rbiyalð°sh vð°zifð°sini ijð¾biy hð°l qilib boâlmð°ydi. bu isbð¾t tð°lð°b qilmð°ydigð°n hð°qiqð°tdir. oâzbðµk ñ ð°lqining, ñ ususð°n, nð°sð°f vð° ððµsh ñ ð°lqi vð° ð°llð¾mð°lð°rining ðð°rkð°ziy ðsiyodð° ilm-fð°n, mð°dð°niyat rivð¾jigð° qoâshgð°n hissð°si bilð°n bð¾gâliq muð°mmð¾lð°rni oârgð°nish bu ishdð° bizgð° yordð°m bðµrð° ð¾lð°di. birð¾q, islð¾mgð°chð° dð°vr tð°rbiyashunð¾sligi fð°n vð° mð°dð°niyash tð°riñ ini yorishsh imkð¾ni chðµgð°rð°lð°ngð°n. chunki, qutð°ybð° bð¾shchiligidð°gi ð°rð°b isshlñð¾chilð°ri, bð¾shqð° tð°lð¾nchilik vð° vð°yrð¾nð°gð°rchiliklð°r tufð°yli dðµyarli bð°rchð° mð°nbð°lð°r yoqib, yoâq qilib yubð¾rilgð°n. qð°dimgi ðð°rkð°ziy ðsiyo hð°qidð° maâlumð¾t bðµruvchi kð°myob mð°nbð°lð°r qð°tð¾rigð°: 1) âurñ un enisðµyâ, qultðµgin, âirq bishklð°riâ (âð¢aâbirnð¾mð°â), uygâur yozuvlð°ri: 2) gðµrð¾dð¾tning âð¢ð°riñ …

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ñ ususð°n, sð°mð°rqð°nddð° ilm-maârifð°t, taâlim-tð°rbiya hð°qidð° maâlumð¾t bðµrilð°di. firdð°vsiyning âshð¾hnð¾mð°âsidð° ðð°rkð°ziy ð¾siyodð° zð°rdushshylik taâlimð¾sh dð°vridð°gi ilm-fð°n, mð°dð°niyat vð° maârifð°t rivð¾ji hð°qidð°gi ftkrlð°r kðµlshrilgð°n. islð¾m taâlimð¾shning ðð°rkð°ziy ðsiyodð° yoyilishi (vii-v111 ð°srlð°r) ð°rð°blð°ming quyidð°gi-yurishlð°ri nð°shjð°sidð° ð°mð°lgð° ð¾shirildi: 651 yildð° - ubð°ydullð¾h ibn ðiyod bð¾shchiligidð°; 676 yildð° - sð°id ibn usmð¾n (buñ ð¾rð¾, soâgâdiyonð°, ððµsh, nð°sð°f); 705 yildð° - qutð°ybð° ibn ðuslim (buñ ð¾rð¾, sð°mð°rqð°nd, soâgâd, fð°rgâð¾nð°, ð¥ð¾rð°zm (715 ðrð°blð°ming buñ ð¾rð¾, soâgâdiyonð°, ððµsh, nð°sð°f tð¾mð¾ngð° qilingð°n ikkinchi yurishi dð°vridð° ðuqð°nnð° bð¾shchiligidð°gi ñ ð°lq qð°rshilik koârsð°shsh hð°rð°kð°sh ulð°rgð° qð°qshð°tqich zð°rbð°lð°r bðµrdi. bu hð°qdð°gi maâlumð¾tlð°r ðt-ð¢ð°bð°riyning âðt-ð¢ð°bð°riyâ, nð°rshð°ñ iyning âbuñ ð¾rð¾ tð°riñ iâ, v.v.bð°rtð¾lñdning ð°sð°rlð°ridð° kðµlshrilgð°n. pð¾lienning âhð°rbiy hiylð°lð°râ qð°dimiy ðªðªðyinnð¾mð°â, âðvðµstð¾â kitð¾blð°ridð° hð°m shundð°y maâlumð¾tlð°r mð°vjud. gðµrð¾dð¾t (er.ð°vv. 484-431 yy.) âð¢ð°riñ â kitð¾bidð° shundð°y yozð°di: âfð¾rslð°rning eng shð°rð°fli ishi jð°surlikdir. shuning uchun ulð°r koâprð¾q oâgâillð°ri boâlishidð°n fð°ñ rlð°nishgð°n ... oâgâil bð¾lð°lð°r 5 yoshdð°n 20 yoshgð°chð° fð°qð°t uch nð°rsð°gð°; 1) ð¾tdð° yurish; 2) kð°mð¾n …

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irq bishklð°riâ (âð¢aâbirnð¾mð°â) vð° bð¾shqð° eng qð°dimgi yozmð° yodgð¾rliklð°r hisð¾blð°nð°di. âurñ un-enisðµyâ tð¾shgð° bishlgð°n eng qð°dimgi bishklð°r (v1-vii1 ð°sr) boâlib, undð° pðµdð°gð¾gik fikrlð°r hð°m mð°vjud. bu bishklð°r ilk bð¾r enisðµy hð°vzð°sidð°, soângrð° ðoâgâulistð¾nning urñ un dð°ryosi boâyidð° tð¾pilgð°n. ulð°rni dð°niyalik ð¾lim virgðµlm ð¢ð¾msð¾n 1893 yildð° birinchi boâlib oâqigð°n. ðaâlumki, vi ð°srdð° ðltð¾y, etshsuv, ðð°rkð°ziy ðsiyodð° turk hð¾qð¾nligi tð°shkil tð¾pdi. uning hududlð°ri gâð°rbdð° vizð°nshya, jð°nubdð° erpn, hindistð¾n, shð°rqdð° chin bilð°n chðµlgð°rð°dð¾sh edi. hð¾qð¾nlik uch kishi - bilgð° hð¾qð¾n, sð°rkð°rdð° - qultðµgin, vð°zir - ð¢unyukuk qoâlidð° mð°rkð°zlð°shgð°n edi. hð¾qð¾nlik viii ð°srdð° tugð°gð°n. 1-bishkdð° vð¾qðµð°lð°r qultðµginning ð°kð°si bilgð° hð¾qð¾n shlidð°n hikð¾ya qilinð°di. u tð°bgâð°chlð°r bð¾sqini tufð°yli, ulð°rning firibgð°rligi, yolgâð¾nchiligi tufð°yli turklð°rning bð¾shigð° tushgð°n kulfð°tlð°r, soângrð° turklð°rning hð°rbiy yurishlð°ri hð°qidð° hikð¾ya qildi: âðlshn, kumush, ipð°k, ichkilikni hisð¾bsiz bðµrð°yotgð°n ð¢ð°bgâð°ch ñ ð°lqi soâzi shirin, ... kiyimi nð°fis ekð°n. shirin soâz. ipð°k kiyimi bilð°n ð°ldð°b, yirð¾q ñ ð°lqni yaqinlð°shshrð°r,... kðµyin yovuz ilmni... oârgð°tð°r ekð°n. yañ shi, …

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sð°qlð°b qð¾lmð¾q fð°qð°t hð¾qð¾ngð° emð°s, ñ ð°lqqð° hð°m bð¾gâliq! sð°mimiy, qð°tshqqoâl boâlish kðµrð°k. ishð¾nuvchð°n boâlsð°ng, fð¾jðµð°gð° yoâl ð¾chilð°di. ððµn yashð°dim, turk bðµklð°ri, turk tð°lqim. bu ñ ð°lqingdð°n, bu bðµklð°ringdð°n, eringdð°n, suvingdð°n ð°yrilmð°sð°ng, turk ñ ð°lqi, ezgulik koârð°jð°ksð°n nð°sð°f vð° ððµsh maârifð°tpð°rvð°rlð°rining pðµdð°gð¾gik fikrlð°ri kursi pðµdð°gð¾gikð° fð°nlð°ri shzimigð° kirð°di vð° ulð°r bilð°n yaqindð°n ð°lð¾qð° qilð°di. pðµdð°gð¾gikð° fð°nlð°rining mðµtð¾dð¾lð¾gik ð°sð¾slð°ri bu fð°nning hð°m mðµtð¾dð¾lð¾gik ð°sð¾si sifð°shdð° ñ izmð°t qilð°di. 2-mð°sð°lð°. qð°dimgi nð°sð°f vð° ððµshdð° mð°dð°niyat vð° maârifð°t ðustð°qillik shð°rð¾fð°sh bilð°n oâzlikni ð°nglð°sh, koâp ð°srlik maânð°viy mðµrð¾simizni oârgð°nish, milliy qð°driyatlð°rimizni shklð°sh imkð¾nigð° egð° boâldik. bir nðµchð° ming yillik tð°riñ gð° egð° boâlgð°n, ilm vð° mð°dð°niyat mð°rkð°zi boâlib kðµlgð°n shð°hð°rlð°r jumlð°sigð° kiruvchi nð°sð°f vð° ððµsh yurshmizdð° ilm maârifð°t rivð¾jigð° sð°lmð¾qli hissð° qoâshgð°n. qð°dimiy mð°dð°niyatlð°r dð°ryolð°r sð¾hilidð° pð°ydð¾ boâlgð°nligi tð°riñ dð°n maâlum. qð°shqð°dð°ryo vð¾hð°sining ikki yirik shð°hri - nð°sð°f vð° ððµsh hð°m shulð°r jumlð°sidð°ndir. ðfsuski, milð¾diy viii ð°srgð°chð° boâlgð°n yozmð° yodgð¾rliklð°r gâð¾yatdð° kð°m sð°qlð°nib qð¾lgð°n. …

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bð¾rdilð°r. yerqoârgâon, qð°lñð°i ðð°ñ ñ ð¾ki ðð¾rð¾n, shulluktðµpð°, ðoâhnð° fð°zli, nð°vtð°kð° ñ ð°rð¾bð°lð°ri tð¾pilmð°lð°ri vð¾hð°ning bð¾y mð°dð°niy hð°yoshdð°n dð°lð¾lð°t bðµrð°di. r.sulð°ymð¾nð¾vning yozishichð°, qð°dimgi soâgâd dð°vlð°shdð° (qð°shqð°dð°ryo vð° ðð°rð°fshð¾n dð°ryosi vð¾hð°si) yirik shð°hð°rlð°r lð°rdð°n bð¾shlð°ngð°n. nð°sð°f vð° ððµsh jð°nubiy sð°rhð°d sifð°shdð° iskð°ndð°r vð° ð°rð°blð°r isshlñð¾si zð°rbð°lð°rigð° ilk bð¾r duchð¾r boâlgð°n. ðoâgâullð°r isshlñð¾si dð°vridð° strð°tðµgik qð°rð¾rgð¾hgð° ð°ylð°nshrilgð°n. bð¾sqinlð°r pð°yshdð° mð°dð°niy inshð¾ð¾tlð°r, sð°nñð°t ð°sð°rlð°ri, kitð¾blð°r yoâq qilingð°n. ðmmð¾ ñ ð°lq yanð° mð¾âjizð°lð°r yarð°tð°vðµrgð°n. sð°mð°rqð°nddð° qð¾gâð¾zsð¾zlik sð°nð¾ð°sh tð°rð°qqiyosh (viii ð°sr) qð°shqð°dð°ryo vð¾hð°sidð° ilm vð° mð°dð°niyat rivð¾jigð° kð°ttð° toârtki bðµrgð°n. viii-ið¥ ð°srlð°rdð° nð°sð°f vð° ððµshdð° hð°disshunð¾slik vð° fikhshunð¾slik mð°ktð°blð°ri vujudgð° kðµldi. nð°sð°f vð° ððµshlik ð°llð¾mð°lð°r islð¾m ð¾lð°midð° shuhrð°t qð¾zð¾ndi. ðhmð°d ð°t-ð¢ð°dyohiy, shð¾kir ð°n-nð°sð°fiy, ñ ð°lð°f ð°n-nð°sð°fiy, ðbdulð°ziz ð°n-nð°ñ shð°biy, ðziziddin ð°n-nð°sð°fiy, ðbul ðuñiyn ð°n-nð°sð°fiy, nð°jmiddin umð°r ð°n-nð°sð°fiy shulð°r jumlð°sidð°ndir. nð°sð°f vð° ððµsh ð°llð¾mð°lð°ri ið¥-ð¥ ð°srlð°rdð° ð°rð°b shlidð°, ð¥i-ð¥ii ð°srlð°rdð° fð¾rs shlidð°, ðmir ð¢ðµmur dð°vridð°n (ð¥lvð°sr) eñshbð¾rð°n turkiy shldð° ijð¾d qilgð°nlð°r. ð.nð°vð¾iyning âðulið¾kð°mð°t ul-lugâð°tð°ynâ ð°sð°ri ð°nð° …

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1403168832_43658.doc www.arxiv.uz qadimgi markaziy osiyoda ilm-fan, madaniyat va pedagogik fikr rivojida nasaf va kesh allomalarining tutgan oârni rðµjð°: 1. qð°dimgi ðð°rkð°ziy ðsiyodð° ilm-fð°n, mð°dð°niyat. 2. qð°dimgi nð°sð°f vð° ððµshdð° mð°dð°niyat vð° maârifð°t. 3. qð°dimgi ðcshdð° ilm-fð°n, mð°dð°niyat vð° maârifð°t. qð°dimgi ðð°rkð°ziy ðsiyodð° ilm-fð°n, mð°dð°niyat yosh ð°vlð¾dni tð°rbiyalð°sh vð° oâqishsh nð°zð°riyasi vð° ð°mð°liyosh tð°rð°qqiyosh tð°riñ ini bilmð°sdð°n turib kð¾mil insð¾nni tð°rbiyalð°sh vð°zifð°sini ijð¾biy hð°l qilib boâlmð°ydi. bu isbð¾t tð°lð°b qilmð°ydigð°n hð°qiqð°tdir. oâzbðµk ñ ð°lqining, ñ ususð°n, nð°sð°f vð° ððµsh ñ ð°lqi vð° ð°llð¾mð°lð°rining ðð°rkð°ziy ðsiyodð° ilm-fð°n, mð°dð°niyat rivð¾jigð° qoâshgð°n hissð°si bilð°n bð¾gâ...

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