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7-sinf geografiya darslik @e_baza_ishreja

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geografiya 7 m. t. mirakmalov sh. m. sharipov m. m. avezov m. t. hojiyeva uo‘k 51(075.3) kbk 51ya71 j 87 tuzuvchilar: m. t. mirakmalov, sh. m. sharipov, m. m. avezov, m. t. hojiyeva taqrizchilar: v. a. rafiqov — o‘zbekiston fanlar akademiyasi seysmologiya instituti direktori, geografiya fanlari doktori (dsc) n. r. alimqulov — nizomiy nomidagi tdpu geografiya kafedrasi dotsenti, geografiya fanlari nomzodi; r. a. ibragimova — mirzo ulug‘bek nomidagi o‘zmu tabiiy geografiya kafedrasi dotsenti, geografiya fanlari nomzodi; sh. usmanov — farg‘ona viloyati farg‘ona shahri 2-idum oliy toifali geografiya fani o‘qituvchisi; d. k. oxunjonova — toshkent shahri olmazor tumani 278-maktab geografiya fani o‘qituvchisi. xaritalar geografiya fanlari nomzodi, dotsent a. ibraimova tahriri ostida berildi. geografiya [matn]: 7-sinf uchun darslik / m. mirakmalov [va boshq.]. — toshkent: respublika ta’lim markazi, 2022. — 176 b. isbn 978–9943–0000–0–0 shartli belgilar: — kalit so‘zlar — bu qiziq! — bilimlarni faollashtiramiz — savol va topshiriqlar respublika maqsadli kitob jamg‘armasi mablag‘lari hisobidan chop etildi. original maket va …
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xaritalar ..................................................................................................................11 2.2. geografik koordinatalar ..........................................................................................................14 2.3. masshtab .................................................................................................................................16 2.4. amaliy mashg‘ulot ..................................................................................................................18 iii bob. geografik qobiq ..........................................................................................19 3.1. geografik qobiqning chegaralari, xususiyatlari .....................................................................19 3.2. geografik qobiqning rivojlanish bosqichlari .........................................................................21 3.3. litosfera va uning harakatlari .................................................................................................24 3.4. yerning iqlim mintaqalari .......................................................................................................28 3.5. landshaftlar ............................................................................................................................31 3.6. yer yuzi aholisi va uning tabiatga ta’siri .................................................................................34 iv bob. dunyo okeani ................................................................................................36 4.1. dunyo okeani va uning qismlari .............................................................................................36 4.2. dunyo okeani tubining geologik tuzilishi va relyefi...............................................................40 4.3. okean suvining xususiyatlari ..................................................................................................42 4.4. okean boylikl
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ari va ulardan foydalanish ...............................................................................45 4.5. umumlashtiruvchi dars ..........................................................................................................47 v bob. materiklar va okeanlar tabiati ...................................................................49 afrika materigi ..............................................................................................................................49 5.1. geografik o‘rni va o‘rganilishi .................................................................................................49 5.2. geologik tuzilishi, relyefi va foydali qazilmalari ....................................................................52 5.3. materik iqlimining xususiyatlari. iqlim mintaqalari ..............................................................55 5.4. afrika materigining ichki suvlari .............................................................................................58 5.5. amaliy mashg‘ulot ..................................................................................................................61 5.6. materikning tabiat zonalari ....................................................................................................62 5.7. tabiiy geografik o‘lkalari. materik tabiatiga insonning ta’siri ...............................................66 5.8. atlantika okeani ......................................................................................................................69 5.9. hind okeani .............................................................................................................................72 5.10. amaliy mashg‘ulot ................................................................................................................74 5.11. umumlashtiruvchi dars ........................................................................................................76 avstraliya m
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aterigi .......................................................................................................................78 5.12. geografik o‘rni, o‘rganilishi, geologik tuzilishi, foydali qazilmalari va relyefi ....................78 5.13. iqlimi, ichki suvlari va tabiat zonalari ..................................................................................81 5.14. materik aholisi va uning tabiatga ta’siri ...............................................................................85 5.15. umumlashtiruvchi dars ........................................................................................................87 5.16. tinch okean ...........................................................................................................................89 5.17. okeaniya ................................................................................................................................92 5.18. amaliy mashg‘ulot ................................................................................................................95 antarktida materigi .....................................................................................................................96 5.19. geografik o‘rni, o‘rganilishi, geologik tuzilishi, foydali qazilmalari, relyefi .......................96 5.20. iqlimi va organik dunyosi ...................................................................................................100 janubiy amerika materigi. .......................................................................................................103 5.21. geografik o‘rni, o‘rganilishi, geologik tuzilishi, foydali qazilmalari, relyefi .....................103 5.22. iqlimi va ichki suvlari ..........................................................................................................107 5.23. amaliy mashg‘ulot ..............................................................................................................111 5.24.
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janubiy amerika tabiat zonalari va balandlik mintaqalari ...............................................112 5.25. tabiiy geografik o‘lkalari. aholisi va uning tabiatga ta’siri ................................................116 shimoliy amerika materigi. ......................................................................................................120 5.26. geografik o‘rni, o‘rganilishi, geologik tuzilishi, foydali qazilmalari, relyefi .....................120 5.27. shimoliy amerika iqlimi va ichki suvlari ............................................................................124 5.28. shimoliy amerikaning tabiat zonalari va balandlik mintaqalari ......................................129 5.29. amaliy mashg‘ulot ..............................................................................................................132 5.30. tabiiy geografik o‘lkalari va aholisining tabiatga ta’siri ....................................................134 5.31. shimoliy muz okeani ...........................................................................................................138 5.32. umumlashtiruvchi dars ......................................................................................................141 yevrosiyo materigi .....................................................................................................................143 5.33. yevrosiyoning geografik o‘rni, o‘rganilishi .........................................................................143 5-34. geologik tuzilishi, foydali qazilmalari. relyefi ..................................................................147 5.35. yevrosiyo iqlimi ...................................................................................................................151 5.36. yevrosiyoning iqlim mintaqalari ........................................................................................154 5.37. yevrosiyoning ichki suvlari .............................................
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....................................................156 5.38. amaliy mashg‘ulot ..............................................................................................................159 5.39. yevrosiyoning tabiat zonalari .............................................................................................160 5.40. yevrosiyo aholisi va uning tabiatga ta’siri ..........................................................................164 5.41. yevrosiyo hududining tabiiy geografik o‘lkalarga bo‘linishi .............................................165 5.42. amaliy mashg‘ulot ..............................................................................................................167 5.43. umumlashtiruvchi dars ......................................................................................................168 ilovalar ........................................................................................................................................170 glossariy ......................................................................................................................................174 5 so‘zboshi aziz o‘quvchilar! siz bu yildan boshlab yangi fan — geografiyani o‘rganishni boshlaysiz. mazkur fan sizning yer tabiati haqidagi bilimlaringizni yanada mustahkamlaydi. yer yuzidagi yirik suvlik va quruqliklar — materiklar va okeanlar, ularning qismlari tabiati, ularda sodir bo‘layotgan o‘zgarishlar bilan tanishtiradi. ushbu darslikni o‘qish orqali siz materiklar va okeanlarni o‘rgangan sayyohlarning faoliyati, turli materiklar iqlimi, suvlari, tabiat zonalari, okeanlar va ularning yirik qismlari — dengizlar, qo‘ltiq va bo‘g‘izlar tabiati bilan yaqindan tanishasiz. ularni bilish, tahlil qila olish esa yurtimiz tabiatida kuzatilayotgan o‘zgarishlarni tushunishingizda, ularni tahlil qilish orqali kelajakda yer yuzi va mamlakatimiz tabiatida sodir bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan ekologik va geoekologik muamm

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geografiya 7 m. t. mirakmalov sh. m. sharipov m. m. avezov m. t. hojiyeva uo‘k 51(075.3) kbk 51ya71 j 87 tuzuvchilar: m. t. mirakmalov, sh. m. sharipov, m. m. avezov, m. t. hojiyeva taqrizchilar: v. a. rafiqov — o‘zbekiston fanlar akademiyasi seysmologiya instituti direktori, geografiya fanlari doktori (dsc) n. r. alimqulov — nizomiy nomidagi tdpu geografiya kafedrasi dotsenti, geografiya fanlari nomzodi; r. a. ibragimova — mirzo ulug‘bek nomidagi o‘zmu tabiiy geografiya kafedrasi dotsenti, geografiya fanlari nomzodi; sh. usmanov — farg‘ona viloyati farg‘ona shahri 2-idum oliy toifali geografiya fani o‘qituvchisi; d. k. oxunjonova — toshkent shahri olmazor tumani 278-maktab geografiya fani o‘qituvchisi. xaritalar geografiya fanlari nomzodi, dotsent...

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