a-course-in-phonetics

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the international phonetic alphabet (revised to 2005) consonants (pulmonic) © 2005 ipa bilabial labiodental dental alveolar post alveolar retroflex palatal velar uvular pharyngeal glottal plosive p b t d † ∂ c ô k g q g / nasal m m n = ≠ n – trill ı r r tap or flap | « fricative f b f v t d s z s z ß ω c j x v x ‰ © ? h h lateral fricative ò l approximant √ ® ’ j â lateral approximant l  ¥ ˚ where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. consonants (non-pulmonic) clicks voiced implosives ejectives > bilabial ∫ bilabial ' examples: ñ dental î dental/alveolar p' bilabial < (post) alveolar ˙ palatal t' dental/alveolar ̄ palato alveolar ƒ velar k' velar ñ alveolar lateral ï …

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2001 wadsworth, cengage learning all rights reserved. no part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under section 107 or 108 of the 1976 united states copyright act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. library of congress control number: 2009938969 isbn-13: 9781428231269 isbn-10: 1-4282-3126-9 wadsworth 20 channel center street boston, ma 02210 usa cengage learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with offi ce locations around the globe, including singapore, the united kingdom, australia, mexico, brazil and japan. locate your local offi ce at international.cengage.com/region. cengage learning products are represented in canada by nelson education, ltd. for your course and learning solutions, visit www.cengage.com. …

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online at www.cengage.com/permissions. further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com. printed in canada 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13 12 11 10 09 31269_00_fm_ppi-xiv pp2.indd iv31269_00_fm_ppi-xiv pp2.indd iv 11/20/09 9:23:42 pm11/20/09 9:23:42 pm copyright 2010 cengage learning, inc. all rights reserved. may not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. http://www.cengage.com http://www.ichapters.com http://www.cengage.com/permissions mailto:permissionrequest@cengage.com this book has always been for lise thegn katie this edition is dedicated to jenny. 31269_00_fm_ppi-xiv pp2.indd v31269_00_fm_ppi-xiv pp2.indd v 11/20/09 9:23:42 pm11/20/09 9:23:42 pm copyright 2010 cengage learning, inc. all rights reserved. may not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. vi contents preface x part i: introductory concepts 1 chapter 1 articulation and acoustics 2 speech production 2 sound waves 6 places of articulatory gestures 8 the oro-nasal process 13 manners of articulation 14 stop 14 oral stop 14 nasal stop 14 fricative 14 approximant …

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anscription and phonetic dictionaries 85 vowel quality 87 the auditory vowel space 88 american and british vowels 89 diphthongs 92 rhotic vowels 94 unstressed syllables 96 tense and lax vowels 98 rules for english vowel allophones 100 exercises 102 performance exercises 105 chapter 5 english words and sentences 107 words in connected speech 107 stress 111 degrees of stress 113 sentence rhythm 116 intonation 118 target tones 127 exercises 131 performance exercises 134 31269_00_fm_ppi-xiv pp2.indd vii31269_00_fm_ppi-xiv pp2.indd vii 11/20/09 9:23:42 pm11/20/09 9:23:42 pm copyright 2010 cengage learning, inc. all rights reserved. may not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. viii contents part iii general phonetics 135 chapter 6 airstream mechanisms and phonation types 136 airstream mechanisms 136 states of the glottis 148 voice onset time 151 summary of actions of the glottis 156 exercises 157 performance exercises 160 chapter 7 consonantal gestures 163 articulatory targets 163 …

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xercises 238 chapter 10 syllables and suprasegmental features 243 syllables 243 stress 249 length 251 timing 252 intonation and tone 254 stress, tone, and pitch accent languages 260 exercises 261 performance exercises 263 chapter 11 linguistic phonetics 267 phonetics of the community and of the individual 267 the international phonetic alphabet 268 feature hierarchy 272 a problem with linguistic explanations 277 controlling articulatory movements 278 memory for speech 281 the balance between phonetic forces 284 performance exercises 286 appendix a: additional material for transciption 293 appendix b: suggestions for contributors to the journal of the international phonetic association 295 notes 299 glossary 305 further reading 313 index 317 31269_00_fm_ppi-xiv pp2.indd ix31269_00_fm_ppi-xiv pp2.indd ix 11/20/09 9:23:42 pm11/20/09 9:23:42 pm copyright 2010 cengage learning, inc. all rights reserved. may not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. preface the sixth edition marks a transition in a course in phonetics. …

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the international phonetic alphabet (revised to 2005) consonants (pulmonic) © 2005 ipa bilabial labiodental dental alveolar post alveolar retroflex palatal velar uvular pharyngeal glottal plosive p b t d † ∂ c ô k g q g / nasal m m n = ≠ n – trill ı r r tap or flap | « fricative f b f v t d s z s z ß ω c j x v x ‰ © ? h h lateral fricative ò l approximant √ ® ’ j â lateral approximant l  ¥ ˚ where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. consonants (non-pulmonic) clicks voiced implosives ejectives …

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