learnenglish-reading-c1-how-humans-evolved-language

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© 2019 british council www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish reading: c1 how humans evolved language read an academic text about how humans evolved language to practise and improve your reading skills. before reading do the preparation task first. then read the text and do the exercises. preparation task match the definitions (a–h) with the vocabulary (1–8). vocabulary definitions 1. …… a chimpanzee 2. …… linguistics 3. …… evolutionary 4. …… civilised 5. …… to mutate 6. …… dna 7. …… innate 8. …… an artefact a. the study of language b. relating to the way in which living things develop over millions of years c. a species of ape d. existing in us since birth; natural rather than learned e. an object made by a human, especially one that is of historical interest f. socially advanced and developed g. to change into something different h. a chemical that carries genetic information reading text: how …

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his following a set of structural rules, known as grammar. do only humans use an innate system of rules to govern the order of words? perhaps not, as some research may suggest dolphins share this capability because they are able to recognise when these rules are broken. c if we want to know where our capability for complex language came from, we need to look at how our brains are different from other animals. this relates to more than just brain size; it is important what other things our brains can do and when and why they evolved that way. and for this there are very few physical clues; artefacts left by our ancestors don’t tell us what speech they were capable of making. one thing we can see in the remains of early humans, however, is the development of the mouth, throat and tongue. by about 100,000 years ago, …

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e more complex and more intelligent. was it using language that caused their brains to develop? or did their more complex brains start producing language? e more questions lie in looking at the influence of genetics on brain and language development. are there genes that mutated and gave us language ability? researchers have found a gene mutation that occurred between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago, which seems to have a connection with speaking and how our brains control our mouths and face. monkeys have a similar gene, but it did not undergo this mutation. it’s too early to say how much influence genes have on language, but one day the answers might be found in our dna. © 2019 british council www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish tasks task 1 match the headings with the parts of the text (a–e). what we know how linguistic capacity evolved how unique are we? the physical evidence the …

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stic capacity evolved e. the tiny change that may separate us from monkeys task 2 1. true 2. false 3. true 4. true 5. false 6. true reading: c1 how humans evolved language before reading preparation task reading text: how humans evolved language a b c d e tasks task 1 task 2 discussion answers preparation task task 1 task 2

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© 2019 british council www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish reading: c1 how humans evolved language read an academic text about how humans evolved language to practise and improve your reading skills. before reading do the preparation task first. then read the text and do the exercises. preparation task match the definitions (a–h) with the vocabulary (1–8). vocabulary definitions 1. …… a chimpanzee 2. …… linguistics 3. …… evolutionary 4. …… civilised 5. …… to mutate 6. …… dna 7. …… innate 8. …… an artefact a. the study of language b. relating to the way in which living things develop over millions of years c. a species of ape d. existing in us since birth; natural rather than learned e. an object made by …

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