mycobacterium species

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mycobacterium species acid fast bacilli - cell walls contain unusual glycolipids (e.g.mycolic acids) mycobacterium species acid fast bacilli - cell walls contain unusual glycolipids (e.g.mycolic acids) intracellular organisms (some are facultative others are obligate) diseases caused by mycobacterium species m. tuberculosis - tuberculosis m. leprae - leprosy diseases caused by mycobacterium species m. avium - lung and skin infections in immunocompromised hosts - lymphadenopathy in children - catheter-related infections mycobacterium tuberculosis closely related to m. bovis (a cattle parasite/pathogen?) m. tuberculosis believed to have evolved from m. bovis after domestication of cattle (8,000-4,000 bc) archeologists have shown that tuberculosis of the bones seems to have preceded the disease of the lungs tuberculosis (tb) most common cause of death due to bacterial infection worldwide 2 billion infected worldwide / 8-9 million new cases per year aggressive measures decreased infections in developed countries tuberculosis (tb) tb once known as consumption afflicted individuals …

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ltiply in lung macrophages → phagocytes attracted to site of infection → infection may be walled-off/ forms tubercle tubercles may calcify and become visible in chest x-rays (ghon complex) ghon complex progression of tb continuous growth of bacteria causes interior of tubercle to liquefy rupture of tubercle allows bacteria to escape leads to infection of others (aerosols) or other parts of the body progression of tb progression of tb progression of tb progression of tb bacteria in tubercles may survive for decades (latency) suppression of immune system may allow bacteria to break out of lesions and multiply (reactivation) old age, cancer, immunosuppressive drugs and hiv infection can lead to reactivation virulence factors invasion of and survival within phagocytes interference with t-cell activation eliciting inflammatory response diagnosis of tb acid-fast staining of sputum samples diagnosis of tb tb skin test - injection of m. tuberculosis proteins (tuberculin) - positive test leads …

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herapy short course system in which patients were monitored by health care workers to ensure they took their medications cocktail of different drugs are required to ensure resistant strains do not arise development of resistant m. tuberculosis dots system dismantled in the 1970s rise in prison population rise in the homeless living in crowded shelters development of resistant m. tuberculosis physicians no longer trained to diagnose and treat tb organisms exist in different compartments and exhibit different metabolic activities → one or more drug may not be effective multidrug resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) defined as the presence of m. tuberculosis resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin treatment involves use of “second line” drugs some of these were first line antituberculosis drugs when they were first introduced (e.g. streptomycin and p-aminosalicylic acid (pas)) multidrug resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) good diagnostics is critical in controlling mdr-tb dots plus strategy - includes monthly monitoring …

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mycobacterium species acid fast bacilli - cell walls contain unusual glycolipids (e.g.mycolic acids) mycobacterium species acid fast bacilli - cell walls contain unusual glycolipids (e.g.mycolic acids) intracellular organisms (some are facultative others are obligate) diseases caused by mycobacterium species m. tuberculosis - tuberculosis m. leprae - leprosy diseases caused by mycobacterium species m. avium - lung and skin infections in immunocompromised hosts - lymphadenopathy in children - catheter-related infections mycobacterium tuberculosis closely related to m. bovis (a cattle parasite/pathogen?) m. tuberculosis believed to have evolved from m. bovis after domestication of cattle (8,000-4,000 bc) archeologists have shown that tuberculosis of the bones seems to have preceded the disea...

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