weather and climate

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Updated Dec 2025

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powerpoint presentation weathe and climate 1. defining weather and climate 2. factors influencing weather and climate 3. climate change and its impacts plan: introduction to weather and climate weather describes atmospheric conditions over a short period, like temperature or precipitation within 24 hours, while climate represents average weather patterns across 30 years or more. earth's climate system is driven by solar radiation, with roughly 30% reflected back to space and the remaining 70% absorbed by the atmosphere, land, and oceans to regulate temperatures. basic elements of weather atmospheric pressure, measured in millibars (mb), is the force exerted by the weight of air above a given point; changes in pressure often signal approaching weather systems like high or low pressure zones. wind is the horizontal movement of air caused by differences in air pressure, blowing from areas of high pressure to low pressure and is measured by speed and direction, impacting …

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rom areas of high pressure, exceeding 1013.25 mb, to regions of lower pressure, creating winds. the coriolis effect, due to earth's rotation, deflects winds to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere, impacting large-scale wind systems like trade winds. humidity and precipitation relative humidity, expressed as a percentage from 0 to 100, indicates the amount of water vapor present in the air compared to the maximum it can hold at a specific temperature, influencing precipitation likelihood. precipitation, encompassing rain, snow, sleet, and hail, occurs when water vapor in the atmosphere condenses and becomes heavy enough to fall to earth's surface, impacting the global water cycle. air masses and fronts air masses are large volumes of air, often 1000+ kilometers wide, possessing relatively uniform temperature and humidity characteristics due to prolonged contact with source regions. fronts are boundaries separating two air masses with differing …

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of the sun's heat around the globe. warm currents, like the gulf stream, elevate temperatures in higher latitudes, significantly impacting regional climate. variations in earth's orbit, known as milankovitch cycles, alter the amount and distribution of solar radiation over tens of thousands of years. these cycles cause long-term climate shifts, influencing glacial and interglacial periods. global climate patterns hadley cells, driven by intense solar radiation near the equator, create a pattern of rising warm air and descending cooler air, influencing subtropical desert formation around 30 degrees latitude, north and south. the intertropical convergence zone (itcz), a band of low pressure near the equator, shifts seasonally following the sun's zenith position, causing significant variations in rainfall patterns, impacting agriculture and ecosystems. climate change: evidence and causes ice core data reveals past atmospheric composition, showing a strong correlation between greenhouse gas concentrations, such as co2 levels exceeding 400 ppm, and warmer global …

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ensity of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods, result in significant economic damage exceeding billions annually, impacting food security and human health. climate modeling and prediction climate models use complex mathematical equations simulating atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice interactions; they project future climate scenarios based on greenhouse gas emission levels of 450-550 ppm. predicting climate involves simulating chaotic systems, leading to uncertainties, especially regarding regional precipitation; ensemble forecasts using 50+ simulations quantify probabilities for accurate predictions. mitigation and adaptation strategies carbon capture technologies, like direct air capture, aim to remove between 80% and 90% of co2 emissions directly from the atmosphere, mitigating climate change impacts. developing drought-resistant crops through techniques such as gene editing helps agriculture adapt to changing rainfall patterns, ensuring food security for approximately 9 billion people. the future of our climate climate models project a 1.5 to 4.5 degree celsius warming by 2100 if …

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powerpoint presentation weathe and climate 1. defining weather and climate 2. factors influencing weather and climate 3. climate change and its impacts plan: introduction to weather and climate weather describes atmospheric conditions over a short period, like temperature or precipitation within 24 hours, while climate represents average weather patterns across 30 years or more. earth's climate system is driven by solar radiation, with roughly 30% reflected back to space and the remaining 70% absorbed by the atmosphere, land, and oceans to regulate temperatures. basic elements of weather atmospheric pressure, measured in millibars (mb), is the force exerted by the weight of air above a given point; changes in pressure often signal approaching weather systems like high or low pressure zones...

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