“havo muhitiga xarakteristika“hygienic characteristic of air”

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gigiena vozdushnoy sredi havo muhitiga xarakteristika “hygienic characteristic of air”. the lecture object: to acquaint of students with a main hygienic characteristic of air, with a meaning of air property for man and hygienic requirements for air. the common characteristic of the air hygienic properties was adduced. it was considered of physiological and hygienic meaning of the air physical properties (a temperature, a humidity, a speed and movement direction of the atmospheric air, its barometric pressure and electric state), and also the optimal and permissible quantity of this factors for concrete conditions. it was described the physiological and hygienic meaning of the atmospheric air chemical composition (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxid, ozone). the forms of pathology connected with the change of partial oxygen and nitrogen pressure, and also the hygienic meaning of an oxygen as a factor of purifying were considered. it was characterize the meaning of carbon dioxid as an …
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ng tuzilishi 1.troposfera – 7-18km balandlikkacha bo'lgan masofada 2.stratosfera – 40km balandlikkacha bo'lgan masofada 3.mezosfera – atmosferaning 5%ini hosil qiladi 80 km 4.ionosfera (ekzosfera)– 500-1000km balandlikkacha masofada 5.magnitosfera – 50 000kmgacha troposfera qatlami -havoning vertikal konvektsion oqimlaridan tashkil topadi nisbatan doimiy kimyoviy tarkibga ega o'zgaruvchan fizikaviy xossaga ega suv buglarining asosiy massasi-bulutlar, tumanlar va atmosfera yoginlari xosil buladi doimo chang, qurum, turli zaharli moddalar, gazlar, mikroorganizmlar mavjud stratosfera havo siyraklashadi namlik kamayadi bulutlar va changlar bo'lmaydi harorat - 56gradus - -70-80gradus 40kmdan oshgach +40-50gradus ozonning 60% i shu qatlamda mikroiqlim omillarining gigienik ahamiyati mikroiqlim – chegaralangan hududdagi havo harorati, namligi va xarakat tezligining holati fiziologik ahamiyati: issiqlikni boshqarilishiga ta'siri (fizikaviy, biokimyoviy) mns, yuts, nafas organlari va organizmning boshqa organ va sistemalarini funktsional holatini o'zgarishi gigienik ahamiyati havoning tozaligiga ta'siri (havoning xarakat tezligi) gigienik me'yorlari harorat: indifferent-18-250s, komfort zonasi -20-220s namlik – 40-60%, xarakat tezligi – 0,1- 0,3 m\sek tinch va …
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nisbiy namlik tuyinish tankisligi mikroiklim kursatkichlarining organizmga ta'siri yukori harorat yukori nisbiy namlikda (90%dan ortik) issiqlikning uzatilishi ter ajraladi, lekin bug'lanmaydi, organizm kizishiga olib keladi havoning harorati yukori bulsa, nisbiy namlik past yoki urtacha bulganda terning bug'lanishi, konvektsiya havoning namligi kamayganda (20%dan kamaysa) yukori nafas yullari shillik kavatlari kurib, yorilishlar yalliglanish jarayonlari kuzatiladi mikroiqlim ko'rsatkichlarining organizmga ta'siri havoning xarakati ta'sirida issiqlikning uzatilishi konvektsiya va terlash orqali oshadi haroratning pasayishi va harakat tezligining oshishi issiklik xosil bulishi kupayadi shamollar guli va uning gigienik ahamiyati shamollar guli – ma'lum xudud uchun rumblar bo'yicha shamolning qaytalanishining grafik ifodasi gigienik ahamiyati: aholi yashash joylari va undagi turli ob'ektlarni joylashtirishda hisobga olinadi barometrik bosimning ahamiyati normal atmosfera bosimi (dengiz sathida 0ºs da)- 1013 gpa (760mm simob ustuni) toshkent sh. uchun normal atmosfera bosimi–728-730 mm simob.ustuni. oddiy tebranishini ko'pchilik odam sezmaydi – 4-6 mm simob ustuni. keskin tebranishi – meteotrop reaktsiyalarni chaqiruvchi omillardan biri balandlikka chidamlilik …
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sining elektrlanganlik holatini quyidagi ko'rsatkichlar tavsiflaydi: ionizatsiya (ionlanish) - er atmosferasining elektr maydoni - tabiiy radioaktivlik - tabiat hodisalari (chaqmoq chaqnashi) manfiy aeroionlarning ta'siri tibbiyotda davolovchi ta'siri (bronxial astma, gipertoniya kasalligi, yunyi katari, uyqusizlik va h.k.) aqliy va jismoniy ish qobiliyatiga ta'siri (almashinuv jarayonlariga) asab tizimiga ijobiy ta'siri organizm immunitetiga ijobiy ta'siri (organizmning kasalliklarga qarshi chidamliligi) musbat aeroionlarning ta'siri - asab tizimiga ta'siri (bosh og'rishi, uyquchanlik, jizzakilik) depressiya holatiga ish qobiliyatiga salbiy ta'siri tez charchash diqqat-e'tiborni uzoq vaqt jamlay olmaslik xolatlari engil ionlarning miqdori quyidagilarga bog'liq joyning geografik sharoiti geologik sharoitlar ob-havo sharoiti atrof-muhitning radioaktivlik darajasi atmosfera havosining ifloslanish darajasi engil ionlarning turli sharoitlardagi tarkibi 1 sm kub havoda engil ionlarning miqdori trf- radiatsion fonning asosi xisoblanadi. u: er kobig'iga bog'liq bulmagan ionlantiruvchi nurlardan (kosmik nurlanish) er kobigiga boglik bulgan manbalardan tashkil topadi. kosmik nurlanishlar birlamchi va ikkilamchi nurlanishlarga bo'linadi. er kobigiga boglik bulgan tabiiy radioaktiv manbalar litosfera gidrosfera atmosfera …
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infektsiyalarni uzatuvchi omil hisoblanadi eng muhim aerogen infektsiyalar: bolalar infektsiyasi (qizamiq, ko'k yo'tal, qizilcha, yuqumli parotit, bo'g'ma), gripp, virusli utkir respirator infektsiyalar, strepto- va stafilokokkli infektsiyalar va b.k. mikroblarning uzatilishi havo-tomchi va chang orqali bo'lishi m/n xavoning biologik xossalari (davomi) turar joy binolari havosini toza deb aytish m/n – agar 1m kub hav tarkibida mikroorganizmlar soni yilning sovuq faslida -1500 dan kam bo'lsa, yoz/g issiq faslida-2500 dan ortiq bo'lmasa ifloslanishning bog'liqligi- havo almashinuviga xonalarning sanitar holatiga odamlar soniga shaxsiy gig. qoidalariga rioya qilishga ah ning tabiiy kimyoviy tarkibi azot – 78,08% kislorod – 20,95% argon – 0,93% uglerod dioksidi – so2 – 0,03% boshqa gazlar - neon, geliy, radon, kripton, vodorod, ksenon, ozon) – 0,002(neon)dan 6x10-18 (radon)% gacha ozon, azot oksidlari, metan, yod bug'lari, suv bug'lari havo kislorodining fiziologik ahamiyati -atmosferadagi umumiy miqdori - 1.18 x 10 15 tonna odam tomonidan minutiga 350 ml, 5000 ml -doimiy kontsentratsiyani ta'minlovchilar: -xosil …

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gigiena vozdushnoy sredi havo muhitiga xarakteristika “hygienic characteristic of air”. the lecture object: to acquaint of students with a main hygienic characteristic of air, with a meaning of air property for man and hygienic requirements for air. the common characteristic of the air hygienic properties was adduced. it was considered of physiological and hygienic meaning of the air physical properties (a temperature, a humidity, a speed and movement direction of the atmospheric air, its barometric pressure and electric state), and also the optimal and permissible quantity of this factors for concrete conditions. it was described the physiological and hygienic meaning of the atmospheric air chemical composition (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxid, ozone). the forms of pathology connected wit...

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