thermal power plant

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powerpoint presentation thermal power plant basic layout thermal power station a thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator(alternator). after it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser; this is known as a rankine cycle. rankine cycle rankine cycle there are four processes in the rankine cycle, each changing the state of the working fluid. these states are identified by number in the diagram to the right. process 1-2: the working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure, as the fluid is a liquid at this stage the pump requires little input energy. process 2-3: the high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is heated at constant pressure by an external heat source to become a dry saturated vapor. process 3-4: …

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flue gas stack. air pre-heater (aph) aph is a heat exchanger in which air temperature is raised by transferring heat from other fluid such as flue gases. aph types 1. recuperative type : heating medium is on one side & air is on the other side of tube /plate & heat transfer is by conduction through the material which separates the media. 2. regenerative type : heating medium flows through a closely packed rotating matrix to raise its temperature and then air is passed through the matrix to take up the heat. aph(trisector type) tri-sector types are the most common in modern power generation facilities.in the tri-sector design, the largest sector (usually spanning about half the cross-section of the casing) is connected to the boiler hot gas outlet. the hot exhaust gas flows over the central element, transferring some of its heat to the element, and is then ducted away …

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and allows for a greater flue gas velocity increasing the overall draft in the furnace. this method was common on steam driven locomotives which could not have tall chimneys. the third method is by simply using an induced draft fan (id fan) which removes flue gases from the furnace and forces the exhaust gas up the stack. almost all induced draft furnaces operate with a slightly negative pressure. forced draft: draft is obtained by forcing air into the furnace by means of a fan (fd fan) and ductwork. air is often passed through an air heater; which, as the name suggests, heats the air going into the furnace in order to increase the overall efficiency of the boiler. dampers are used to control the quantity of air admitted to the furnace. forced draft furnaces usually have a positive pressure. balanced draft: balanced draft is obtained through use of both induced …

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ficiencies ranging from 20%-90% based on the application of the turbine. the interior of a turbine comprises several sets of blades, or “buckets” as they are more commonly referred to. one set of stationary blades is connected to the casing and one set of rotating blades is connected to the shaft. the sets intermesh with certain minimum clearances, with the size and configuration of sets varying to efficiently exploit the expansion of steam at each stage . impulse turbines an impulse turbine has fixed nozzles that orient the steam flow into high speed jets. these jets contain significant kinetic energy, which the rotor blades, shaped like buckets, convert into shaft rotation as the steam jet changes direction. a pressure drop occurs across only the stationary blades, with a net increase in steam velocity across the stage. as the steam flows through the nozzle its pressure falls from steam chest pressure …

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but with a decrease in both pressure and temperature, reflecting the work performed in the driving of the rotor. steam condenser surface condenser is the commonly used term for a water cooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed on the exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. these condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. where cooling water is in short supply, an air-cooled condenser is often used. an air-cooled condenser is however significantly more expensive and cannot achieve as low a steam turbine exhaust pressure as a surface condenser alternator an alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to alternating current electrical energy. most alternators use a rotating magnetic field but linear alternators are occasionally used. in principle, any ac electrical generator can be called an alternator, but usually the word …

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powerpoint presentation thermal power plant basic layout thermal power station a thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator(alternator). after it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser; this is known as a rankine cycle. rankine cycle rankine cycle there are four processes in the rankine cycle, each changing the state of the working fluid. these states are identified by number in the diagram to the right. process 1-2: the working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure, as the fluid is a liquid at this stage the pump requires little input …

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