computertizimivaoperatsiontizimstruktrualari

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Updated Dec 2025

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operatsion tizimlar tushunchasi va computer tizimi va operatsion tizim struktrualari reja computer tizimi arxitekturasi computer-system operation common functions of interrupts i/o structure storage structure storage hierarchy hardware protection general system architecture system components operating system services system calls system programs system structure virtual machines system design and implementation system generation computer tizimi arxitekturasi os and architecture mutual interaction the functionality of an os is limited by architectural features multiprocessing on dos/8086? the structure of an os can be simplified by architectural support interrupt, dma, etc. most proprietary os’s were developed with the certain architecture in mind computer-system operation i/o devices and the cpu can execute concurrently each device controller is in charge of a particular device type each device controller has a local buffer cpu moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers i/o is from the device to local buffer of controller device controller informs cpu that it has …

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s and exceptions interrupts generated by hardware devices triggered by a signal in externally serviced interrupt(intr) or non-maskable interrupt (nmi) pins (pentium) asynchronous interrupts are generated by other hardware devices at arbitrary times with respect to the cpu clock signals. exceptions generated by software executing instructions int instruction in ia32 page fault, protection fault synchronous interrupts are produced by the cpu control unit while executing instructions and are called synchronous because the control unit issues them only after terminating the execution of an instruction. trap (expected) or fault (unexpected) i/o structure after i/o starts, control returns to user program only upon i/o completion wait instruction idles the cpu until the next interrupt wait loop (contention for memory access) at most one i/o request is outstanding at a time, no simultaneous i/o processing after i/o starts, control returns to user program without waiting for i/o completion system call – request to …

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ss executing v/o interrupt processing idle transferring vo transfer fe) request done request transfer done interrupt controller disk drive current instruction next instruction 3. return 1. interrupt 2. dispatch to handler interrupt handler device interrupts t cpu stops current operation, switches to kernel mode, and saves current pc and other state on kernel stack t cpu fetches proper vector from vector table and branches to that address (to routine to handle interrupt) t interrupt routine examines device database and performs action required by interrupt + handler completes operation, restores saved (interrupt state) and returns to user mode (or calls scheduler to switch to another program) user { synchronous/ blocking asynchronous/ non-blocking requesting process waiting requesting process device driver device driver kernel ' 1 interrupt handler 1 1 4 interrupt handler ’ hardware data transfer hardware = = data transfer —— time ———> (a) time ———> (b) a7 user kernel device: …

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operatsion tizimlar tushunchasi va computer tizimi va operatsion tizim struktrualari reja computer tizimi arxitekturasi computer-system operation common functions of interrupts i/o structure storage structure storage hierarchy hardware protection general system architecture system components operating system services system calls system programs system structure virtual machines system design and implementation system generation computer tizimi arxitekturasi os and architecture mutual interaction the functionality of an os is limited by architectural features multiprocessing on dos/8086? the structure of an os can be simplified by architectural support interrupt, dma, etc. most proprietary os’s were developed with the certain architecture in mind computer-system operation i/o devices and t...

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