blood vessels

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slide 1 blood vessels blood vessels delivery system of dynamic structures that begins and ends at the heart arteries: carry blood away from the heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of a fetus capillaries: contact tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs veins: carry blood toward the heart figure 19.2 large veins (capacitance vessels) large lymphatic vessels arteriovenous anastomosis lymphatic capillary postcapillary venule sinusoid metarteriole terminal arteriole arterioles (resistance vessels) muscular arteries (distributing vessels) elastic arteries (conducting vessels) small veins (capacitance vessels) lymph node capillaries (exchange vessels) precapillary sphincter thoroughfare channel lymphatic system venous system arterial system heart structure of blood vessel walls arteries and veins tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa lumen central blood-containing space capillaries endothelium with sparse basal lamina figure 19.1b tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibers) tunica externa (collagen fibers) lumen artery lumen vein internal elastic lamina external elastic lamina valve …

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al to elastic arteries; deliver blood to body organs have thick tunica media with more smooth muscle active in vasoconstriction arterioles smallest arteries lead to capillary beds control flow into capillary beds via vasodilation and vasoconstriction capillaries microscopic blood vessels walls of thin tunica intima, one cell thick size allows only a single rbc to pass at a time capillaries in all tissues except for cartilage, epithelia, cornea and lens of eye functions: exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones, etc. figure 19.2 large veins (capacitance vessels) large lymphatic vessels arteriovenous anastomosis lymphatic capillary postcapillary venule sinusoid metarteriole terminal arteriole arterioles (resistance vessels) muscular arteries (distributing vessels) elastic arteries (conducting vessels) small veins (capacitance vessels) lymph node capillaries (exchange vessels) precapillary sphincter thoroughfare channel lymphatic system venous system arterial system heart capillary beds interwoven networks of capillaries form the microcirculation between arterioles and venules consist of two types of vessels vascular …

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lumens compared with corresponding arteries blood pressure is lower than in arteries figure 19.1a artery vein (a) figure 19.5 heart 8% capillaries 5% systemic arteries and arterioles 15% pulmonary blood vessels 12% systemic veins and venules 60% veins adaptations that ensure return of blood to the heart large-diameter lumens offer little resistance valves prevent backflow of blood most abundant in veins of the limbs varicose veins develop when the valves fail. physiology of circulation: definition of terms blood pressure (bp) force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by the blood expressed in mm hg measured as systemic arterial bp in large arteries near the heart the pressure gradient provides the driving force that keeps blood moving from higher to lower pressure areas figure 19.6 systolic pressure mean pressure diastolic pressure blood pressure systolic pressure: pressure exerted during ventricular contraction diastolic pressure: lowest level of arterial …

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l failure, and stroke primary or essential hypertension 90% of hypertensive conditions due to several risk factors including heredity, diet, obesity, age, stress, diabetes mellitus, and smoking homeostatic imbalance: hypertension secondary hypertension is less common due to identifiable disorders, including kidney disease, arteriosclerosis, and endocrine disorders such as hyperthyroidism and cushing’s syndrome velocity of blood flow changes as it travels through the systemic circulation is inversely related to the total cross-sectional area is fastest in the aorta, slowest in the capillaries, increases again in veins slow capillary flow allows adequate time for exchange between blood and tissues figure 19.14 relative cross- sectional area of different vessels of the vascular bed total area (cm2) of the vascular bed velocity of blood flow (cm/s) aorta arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins venae cavae circulatory shock any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled blood cannot circulate normally results in inadequate blood flow …

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$natomy average relative tissue makeup vessel type/ illustration* lumen diameter (d) =e) os) el 2 and wall z| 7] bl 3 thickness (t)|] 2 | © | =| & el] wy a fej g jw |g |23 a gr £ fe aw s|; d:9.0 um —_— capillary t20.5m y d: 20.0 um venule t:1.0 um = lm d:5.0 mm [| vein t:0.5mm l *size relationships are not proportional. smaller vessels are drawn relatively larger so detail can be seen. see column 2 for actual dimensions. copyright © 2010 pearson education, inc. blood pressure (mm hg) =\ —_ in) in o ror) r=) ns) o ro) r=) r=) ro) ro) ro) /docprops/thumbnail.jpeg blood vessels$

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slide 1 blood vessels blood vessels delivery system of dynamic structures that begins and ends at the heart arteries: carry blood away from the heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of a fetus capillaries: contact tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs veins: carry blood toward the heart figure 19.2 large veins (capacitance vessels) large lymphatic vessels arteriovenous anastomosis lymphatic capillary postcapillary venule sinusoid metarteriole terminal arteriole arterioles (resistance vessels) muscular arteries (distributing vessels) elastic arteries (conducting vessels) small veins (capacitance vessels) lymph node capillaries (exchange vessels) precapillary sphincter thoroughfare channel lymphatic system venous system arterial system heart struct...

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