biotexnologiya-2

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prezentatsiya powerpoint molekulyar biologiya nazirov muhammad latif biotexnologiya-2 1 traditional methods dna methods protein methods molekulyar biologiya - biologiyani dnk, rnk va oqsillar kabi biologik muhim molekulyar elementlarining tuzilishi, funktsiyasi va tarkibini molekulyar darajada o'rganuvchi soha. 4 all organisms: 1 or more cells prokaryotes eukaryotes hujayra tuzilishi dnk fosfolipidlar bilan o’ralgani uchun detergent bilan ekstraksiya qilish kerak a plant cell a bacterium compartimentation of the eukaryote cell: various organelles phospholipid structure and orientation of phospholipids in membranes cell nucleus contains genetic information: dna nucleolus: ribosome building machine protein factories in the cytoplasm components involve in molecular biology all life depends on 3 critical macromolecule dna rna protein structure static function dynamic function dynamic english alphabet 26 letters life alphabet 4 letters a, t, g, c inside a living cell 17 traditsion metodi molekulyarnoy biologii dnk metodi ochishenie dnk ili rnk kolichestvennaya otsenka dnk ili rnk molekulyarnoe klonirovanie polimeraznaya tsepnaya reaktsiya …

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kletochnoy membrani i yadra razrushayutsya detergentami i poverxnostno-aktivnimi veshestvami . razrushenie belkov putem dobavleniya proteazi (neobyazatelno). razriv rnk putem dobavleniya rnkazi (neobyazatelno). rastvor obrabativayut kontsentrirovannim solevim rastvorom, chtobi sdelat musor, takoy kak slomannie belki, lipidi i rnk, dlya sgusheniya. tsentrifugirovanie rastvora, kotoroe otdelyaet sgushennie kletochnie chastitsi ot dnk. ochistka dnk ot detergentov, belkov, soley i reagentov, ispolzuemix na stadii lizisa kletok. naibolee chasto ispolzuemie protseduri: vipadenie etanola obichno ledyanim etanolom ili izopropanolom . poskolku dnk ne rastvoryaetsya v etix spirtax, ona ob'edinyaetsya vmeste, poluchaya osadok pri tsentrifugirovanii . osajdenie dnk uluchshaetsya za schet uvelicheniya ionnoy sili, obichno putem dobavleniya atsetata natriya . fenol-xloroformnaya ekstraktsiya, v kotoroy fenol denaturiruet belki v obraztse. posle tsentrifugirovaniya obraztsa denaturirovannie belki ostayutsya v organicheskoy faze, a vodnaya faza, soderjashaya nukleinovuyu kislotu , smeshivayut s xloroformom, kotoriy udalyaet fenolnie ostatki iz rastvora. ochistka minikolonn, kotoraya opiraetsya na to, chto nukleinovie kisloti mogut svyazivatsya ( adsorbtsiya ) …

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eniya izopropanola vishe, chto delaet odin ob'em dostatochnim dlya osajdeniya. odnako izopropanol menee letuch, chem etanol, i na zaklyuchitelnom etape trebuetsya bolshe vremeni dlya sushki na vozduxe. pri ispolzovanii izopropanola granula takje mojet menee plotno prilipat k trube. [1] fenol-xloroformnaya ekstraktsiya - eto metod jidkostno-jidkostnoy ekstraktsii v molekulyarnoy biologii, ispolzuemiy dlya otdeleniya nukleinovix kislot ot belkov i lipidov spektrofotometr dnk konsentratsasini aniqlash odnim iz naibolee chasto ispolzuemix metodov kolichestvennoy otsenki dnk ili rnk yavlyaetsya ispolzovanie spektrofotometricheskogo analiza s ispolzovaniem spektrofotometra . spektrofotometr sposoben opredelit srednie kontsentratsii v nukleinovix kislotax dnk ili rnk , prisutstvuyushego v smesi, a takje ix chistotu. spektrofotometricheskiy analiz osnovan na printsipax, soglasno kotorim nukleinovie kisloti pogloshayut ultrafioletoviy svet po opredelennoy sxeme. v sluchae dnk i rnk obrazets podvergaetsya vozdeystviyu ultrafioletovogo sveta na dline volni 260 nanometrov (nm), i fotodetektor izmeryaet svet, kotoriy proxodit cherez obrazets. chast ultrafioletovogo sveta budet proxodit cherez, a chast budet pogloshatsya dnk …

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e tselostnosti i kachestva rnk s ispolzovaniem visokochuvstvitelnix analizov qubit. dlya vsex analizov qubit kontsentratsiya ili kachestvo tselevoy molekuli v obraztse soobshaetsya fluorestsentnim krasitelem, kotoriy ispuskaet signal tolko pri privyazke k tseli, chto svodit k minimumu vliyanie zagryaznyayushix veshestv na rezultat. prostie v ispolzovanii menyu s sensornim ekranom pozvolyayut legko vibirat i provodit neobxodimie analizi, a rezultati otobrajayutsya vsego za neskolko sekund polimeraza zanjirli reaktsiya ‒ molekulyar biologiyaning eksperimental usuli hisoblanib, biologik materialdagi (sinamadagi) nuklein kislotalarning (dnk) ma'lum fragmentlarini kichik kontsentratsiyalarini sezilarli miqdorda ko'paytirish imkonini beradi. pzr ning ochilishiga molekulyar‐biologik texnologiyalarning rivojlanishi asos bo'lgan. pzr amplifikator pzr gel-elektroforez 30 polimeraznaya tsepnaya reaktsiya v realnom vremeni v molekulyarnoy biologii, ptsr v realnom vremeni (ili kolichestvennaya ptsr, angl. real-time pcr, qpcr, qrt-pcr) — laboratorniy metod, osnovanniy na metode polimeraznoy tsepnoy reaktsii, ispolzuetsya dlya odnovremennoy amplifikatsii i izmereniya kolichestva dannoy molekuli dnk. metod ptsr v realnom vremeni vklyuchaet v sebya odnovremenno detektsiyu i …

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nlarni klonlash yoki rekombinant dnk texnologiyasi) deyiladi. 36 outline format minisatellit dnk 1984 alek djeffris 1984 yilning eng yaxshi ixtirosi : dnk daktiloskopiyasi molekulyar biolog alek jeffriy inson dnk ketma-ketligidagi 3 milliarddan ortiq birliklarni tahlil qilishni boshqarish usulini ixtiro qilib, odamlar orasidagi eng katta farqlarni ko'rsatuvchi qismlarni taqqoslash usulini yaratdi. uning usuli tezda sudlarda qo'llanilib, unda jinoyatlarda ayblanayotgan odamlarni oqlash va haqiqiy jinoyatchilarni aniqlash uchun foydalaniladi. 2015 yilda "qotil kodi" seriysli suratga olingan bo'lib, unda alek jeffriy dnkning daktiloskopiysini kashf etishi va uning detektiv devid beyker tomonidan ikkitalik qotilik uyushtrgan kolin peakni qo'lga olish uchun ishlatgani haqida hikoya qilinadi. rekombinant dnk texnologiyasi-bu dnk bilan manipulyatsiya qilish usullarining to'plami bo’lib, genlarni aniqlash va klonlash; klonlangan genlarning ekspressiyasini o'rganish; va ko'p miqdorda gen mahsulotini ishlab chiqarishni o’z ichga oladi. genetik injenerya – bu dnkni bir organizmdan boshqasiga o'tkazish orqali genetik modifikatsiyaga qilish usuli. 1978 y «genentech» firmasi e. soli yordamida odam insulinini …

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prezentatsiya powerpoint molekulyar biologiya nazirov muhammad latif biotexnologiya-2 1 traditional methods dna methods protein methods molekulyar biologiya - biologiyani dnk, rnk va oqsillar kabi biologik muhim molekulyar elementlarining tuzilishi, funktsiyasi va tarkibini molekulyar darajada o'rganuvchi soha. 4 all organisms: 1 or more cells prokaryotes eukaryotes hujayra tuzilishi dnk fosfolipidlar bilan o’ralgani uchun detergent bilan ekstraksiya qilish kerak a plant cell a bacterium compartimentation of the eukaryote cell: various organelles phospholipid structure and orientation of phospholipids in membranes cell nucleus contains genetic information: dna nucleolus: ribosome building machine protein factories in the cytoplasm components involve in molecular biology all life depends on...

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