mochevideleniyai mochepolovayasistema

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mochevidelitelnaya sistema mochevideleniya i mochepolovaya sistema funktsii pochek ekskretornaya regulyatsiya vodno-solevogo obmena regulyatsiya balansa organicheskix soedineniy v krovi (belkov, lipidov, uglevodov, gormonov i dr.) regulyatsiya kislotno-shelochnogo ravnovesiya videlenie konechnix produktov metabolizma uchastie v regulyatsii krovetvoreniya (sintez eritropoetina i leykopoetina) neytralizatsiya toksicheskix veshestv. uchastie v regulyatsii krovyanogo davleniya – sintez renina i prostaglandinov filogenez pochki embrionalniy istochnik razvitiya pochek – promejutochnaya mezoderma. (nefrotomi, segmentnie nojki) v filogeneze pozvonochnix – posledovatelnaya smena trex tipov pochki: i etap – pronefros (predpochka) u nizshix rib ii etap – mezonefros (pervichnaya pochka) u visshix rib i amfibiy iii etap – metanefros (okonchatelnaya pochka) u ptits i mlekopitayushix ontogenez pochki pronefros kak organ videleniya ne funktsioniruet. formiruetsya na 3-ey nedele embriogeneza. sushestvuet 40 chasov. 8-10 par protonefridiy posredstvom nefrostom svyazani s tselomom, v kotoriy postupayut produkti metabolizma. svobodniy konets protonefridiy uchastvuet v formirovanii mezonefralnogo (volfova) protoka. mezonefros formiruetsya na 4-oy nedele embriogeneza ot 30-90 par mezonefridiy …

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hi. –net potrebnosti v soxranenii vodi, t.k. ribi, amfibii i embrion cheloveka naxodyatsya v jidkoy srede. •s 8-9 nedel pochki migriruyut v kranialnom napravlenii, migratsiya kajushayasya, obuslovlena bistrim rostom kaudalnoy chasti tela. •povorot na 90º vokrug vertikalnoy osi (medialnaya rotatsiya) – zadniy kray stanovitsya lateralnim. •u rannix zarodishey pochki lejat retroperitonealno. •eto polojenie soxranyaetsya v definitivnom sostoyanii. povorot i migratsiya pochek pochka, ren pravaya pochka: l1-l2 levaya pochka: th12-l1 po otnosheniyu k bryushine - ekstraperitonealno segmenti pochki (5 sht) makroskopicheskoe stroenie pochki obolochki pochki: fascia renalis (snaruji) corpora adiposa capsula fibrosa (kapsula gerota) mikroskopicheskoe stroenie pochki chashechno-loxanochnaya sistema fiksiruyushiy apparat pochki vnutribryushnoe davlenie (sozdaetsya mishtsami bryushnogo pressa) mishechnaya loja ( obrazovana mm. quadratus lumborum, iliopsoas, psoas major) sosudisto-nervniy puchok (arteria et vena renalis) pravaya i levaya svyazki pochki ( ligg. hepatorenale et phrenicorenale) fornikalniy apparat pochki vklyuchaet: 1) svod, fornix, s ego epitelialnim pokrovom; 2) pochechniy sosochek, papilla renalis; 3) …

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ochi iz parenximi pochek i prepyatstvie obratnomu toku. mexanizm passivnogo transporta pochki za schyot togo, chto diametr prinosyashix sosudov v nefrone bolshe, chem diametr vinosyashix sosudov, voznikaet raznost davleniya. vsya krov iz oblasti povishennogo davleniya pronikaet cherez bazalnuyu membranu, endoteliy kapillyara i epiteliy kapsuli v kapsulu kapsulu boumena — shumlyanskogo visokoe filtratsionnoe davlenie v kapillyarax klubochkov (50-70 mm rt. st.) reabsorbtsiya v kanaltsax. aktivniy transport v pochkax protekaet v proksimalnix otdelax pochechnix kanaltsev. v rezultate chego vtorichnaya mocha (v norme) ne soderjit formennix elementov krovi, soderjanie belka ne bolee 0,1 mkg/ml, a udelnaya plotnost ne bolee 1030 g/sm3 skorost filtratsii – 120 ml/min. obshiy ob'em pervichnoy mochi v sutki sostavlyaet 150-170 litrov reabsorbtsiya – vtorichnaya mocha 1,5 –1,7 l/sutki yukstamedullyarniy nefron: pochechnoe teltse raspolojeno v korkovom veshestve na granitse s mozgovim. vas afferens otvetvlyaetsya ot a. arcuata. neznachitelnaya raznitsa diametrov vas afferens i vas efferens, sledovatelno filtratsiya virajena v menshey …

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ya. sujenie mochetochnika imeet vajnoe znachenie v urologicheskoy praktike, oni yavlyayutsya mestom zastrevaniya kamney pri proxojdenii ix po mochetochniku. po otnosheniyu k bryushine - ekstraperitonealno stenka mochetochnika sostoit iz trex sloev: - vnutrennego - slizistoy obolochki, tunica mucosa, - srednego - mishechnoy obolochki, tunica muscularis, - vneshnego - adventitsialnoy obolochki, tunica adventitia. slizistaya obolochka, tunica mucosa, - obrazovana mnogosloynim perexodnim epiteliem i sobstvennoy plastinkoy mishechnoy obolochki, vklyuchayushey v svoy sostav elastichnie volokna. po vsey dline mochetochnika slizistaya obolochka obrazuet prodolnie skladki. mishechnaya obolochka, tunica muscularis, - v verxney chasti mochetochnika sostoit iz dvux sloev: prodolnogo i krugovogo, a vnizu - iz trex sloev: vnutrennego i narujnogo prodolnogo i srednego krugovogo. adventatsionnaya obolochka, tunica adventitia, pokrivaet snaruji mochetochnik. ona sostoit iz puchkov kollagenovix volokon, nervnix puchkov i mishechnix kletok. stroenie mochetochnika funktsiya mochetochnika svyazana s rabotoy sfinkternogo apparata chashechek, loxanki i mochevogo puzirya. koordinirovannaya funktsiya etix otdelov mochevoy sistemi obespechivaet normalnuyu …

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ativaet sheyku puzirya i nachalnuyu chast mocheispuskatelnogo kanala, raspolagayas nad diafragmoy taza. pozadi puzirya naxodyatsya puzirkovie jelezi i ampuli semyavinosyashego protoka. k zadney stenke puzirya u mujchin prilegaet pryamaya kishka, a u jenshin - matka i vlagalishe. po zadne-bokovoy poverxnosti mochevogo puzirya proxodit mochetochnik. na bokovix poverxnostyax mochevogo puzirya naxodyatsya semyavinosyashie protoki, vetvi vnutrennix klubkovix sosudov i moche-puzirno venoznoe spletenie. k uchastkam mochevogo puzirya, pokritix bryushinoy, prilegayut petli kishok: sigmovidnoy, tonkoy, a inogda - poperechno-obodochnoy. oporojnenniy – ekstraperitonealno napolnenniy – mezoperitonealno stroenie mochevogo puzirya stenka mochevogo puzirya sostoit iz: - slizistoy obolochki, tunica mucosa, - podslizistogo sloya, tunica submucosa; - mishechnoy obolochki, tunica muscularis, - fastsialno ili chastichno bryushinnogo pokrova, tunica adventitia slizistaya obolochka, tunica mucosa. skladki otsutstvuyut tolko v oblasti dna puzirya, gde slizistaya obolochka lishena podslizistogo sloya i srashena s mishechnoy obolochkoy. etot uchastok poluchil nazvanie treugolnik puzirya, trigonum vesicae. on raspolojen mejdu yacheykami mochetochnikov, ostium ureteris, i …

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mochevidelitelnaya sistema mochevideleniya i mochepolovaya sistema funktsii pochek ekskretornaya regulyatsiya vodno-solevogo obmena regulyatsiya balansa organicheskix soedineniy v krovi (belkov, lipidov, uglevodov, gormonov i dr.) regulyatsiya kislotno-shelochnogo ravnovesiya videlenie konechnix produktov metabolizma uchastie v regulyatsii krovetvoreniya (sintez eritropoetina i leykopoetina) neytralizatsiya toksicheskix veshestv. uchastie v regulyatsii krovyanogo davleniya – sintez renina i prostaglandinov filogenez pochki embrionalniy istochnik razvitiya pochek – promejutochnaya mezoderma. (nefrotomi, segmentnie nojki) v filogeneze pozvonochnix – posledovatelnaya smena trex tipov pochki: i etap – pronefros (predpochka) u nizshix rib ii etap – mezonefros (pervichnaya pochka) u visshix rib ...

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