inflyatsiya

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faktori ustoychivosti bankovskoy sistemi uzbekistana i ee rol v razvitii realnogo sektora ekonomiki * pulning mohiyati, turlari va funksiyalari inflyatsiya tushunchasi, ko’rsatkichlari va o’lchanishi o’sish sur’atlariga ko’ra inflyatsiya turlari inflyatsiya sabablari inflyatsiyaning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy oqibatlari va inflyatsiyaga qarshi siyosat 6-mavzu. pul va inflyatsiya r e j a : * navernoe, est smisl nachat s izlojeniya faktov i nekotorix dannix po bankovskoy sisteme inflyatsiya o’zi nima??? inflyatsiya (lotincha inflatio - shishish, bo’rtish, taranglashish) – ma’lum davr mobaynida mamlakatda narxlar o’rtacha (umumiy) darajasining barqaror o’sishi, pulning xarid qobiliyatini uzoq muddatli pasayishi. inflyatsiya bozor iqtisodiyotining asosiy izdan chiqaruvchi omillari jumlasiga kiradi, uning sur’ati qanchalik yuqori bo’lsa, iqtisodiyotga xavfli ta’siri shunchalik katta bo’ladi. * inflyatsiya nafaqat pul muomalasining izdan chiqishi, balki butun takror ishlab chiqarish mexanizmining kasali, makroiqtisodiy buzilishlar natijasidir. narxlarning o’sishi, pul birligi xarid qobiliyatining pasayishidan tashqari inflyatsiya namoyon bo’lishining quyidagi uch belgisi ham bor. bular: valyuta kururslarining o’zgarishi; kredit berish shartlarining qimmatlashuv va …

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qdor qoidasi» deb atalgan usuldan ham foydalaniladi. bu usul narxlarning barqaror o’sishi sharoitida inflyatsiya darajasi necha yilda ikki baravarga oshishini aniqlash imkonini beradi. buning uchun 70 ni yillik inflyatsiya darajasiga bo’lish kifoya: narxlar ikki martaga 70 oshishi uchun zarur = ---------------------- yillar soni  misol uchun, yillik inflyatsiya darajasi 7 % ga teng bo’lsa, taxminan 10 yilda narxlar ikki martaga oshadi, ya’ni, (70:7 = 10). real yaim va jamg’armaning necha yildan so’ng ikki marta oshishini hisoblash zarur bo’lgan hollarda ham «70-miqdor qoidasidan» foydalaniladi. * xalqaro amaliyotda inflyatsiyaning narxlarini o’sishi, yani pullarning miqdori o’sishi jixatidan asosan uch shaklini ajratiladi: sokin inflyatsiya. ushbu inflyatsiya iqtisodiy rivojlangan mamlakatlarda mavjud bo’lib, ushbu holatda mahsulotlar, bajariladigan ishlar va ko’rsatiladigan xizmatlarga bo’lgan narx-navolar yiliga o’rtacha 3% dan 10% gacha oshishi mumkin. bu mamlakatlarda muomaladagi pul massasi saklanib turadi va milliy pul birligining xarid qilish qobiliyati saklanib turadi. 2. shiddatli inflyatsiya. ushbu inflyatsiya iktisodiy rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda mavjud …

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ki o’rtasidagi farq ortadi. mamlakat aholisi qo’lidagi qogoz pullarga tovarlar sotib oladi. bu holat esa muomalada tovar massasi bilan tovar va xizmatlar bilan ta’minlanmagan ortiqcha qogoz pullarii to’lib-toshishiga olib ksladi. 2. o’sish sur’atlariga ko’ra inflyatsiya turlari * yuqorida ta’kidlab o’tganimizdek, inflyatsiyaning asosiy sababi odatda bir emas, balki bir nechta bo’lib o’zaro mahkam bog’langan bo’ladi va narxiipg ko’tarilib borishi bilangiia namoyon bo’lib qolmaydi, balki narxni boshqarilishiga ham bogliq bo’ladi. ushbu jihatdan quyidagi inflyatsiya shakllari ajratiladi: 1. oshkora inflyatsiya. 2. yashirin inflyatsiya. * 3.inflyatsiya sabablari inflyatsiya xviii asrning o’rtalarida muomalaga ta’minlanmagan juda ko’p miqdorda pul chiqarishi natijasida pul tizimidagi inqiroz holat asosida yuzaga chiqqan. inflyatsiya (lotincha «inflation» so’zidan olingan va shishish, ko’pchish, ko’tarilish ma’nosini anglatadi) o’z mohiyagiga asosan pulning kadrsizlanishi, tovar va xizmatlarga bo’lgan baholarning muntazam ravishda oshib borishi jarayonini anglatadi. shuni ta’kddlash lozimki, rivojlangan mamlakatlar tajribasi inflyatsiya nisbatan me’yor darajasidagi pul massasi holatida ham yuzaga chiqishi mumkin. * * inflyatsiyani real …

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eler’s checks. m2 a broad measure of the money supply: all the assets that are included in m1, as well as time deposits with a value of less than $100,000, savings accounts, money market deposit accounts at banks, and noninstitutional money market mutual fund shares. m1 and m2 in the united states, july 2012 figure 7.1 * of 58 © 2014 pearson education, inc. the federal reserve and the money supply monetary base (or high-powered money) the sum of currency in circulation and bank reserves. monetary base = currency in circulation + reserves reserves a bank asset consisting of vault cash plus bank deposits with the federal reserve. relationship between the monetary base and aggregates considers three actors: the federal reserve: responsible for controlling the money supply and regulating the banking system. the banking system: creates checking accounts that are the most important component of the m1 measure of the …

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operations the federal reserve’s purchases and sales of securities, usually u.s. treasury securities, in financial markets. if the fed bought $1 million in bonds from jp morgan, it would pay for them by increasing banks’ reserves. jp morgan would then usually increase the loans it makes. more loans lead to increased deposits and/or currency and money supply. if the fed instead sold $1 million in bonds to jp morgan, the bank’s reserves would decrease by $1 million. jp morgan would respond by decreasing the loans that it makes. currency and/or deposits fall and the money supply decreases. * of 58 © 2014 pearson education, inc. the process of money creation combatting against inflation * inflation target * ways to keep inflation stable * ways to keep inflation stable the following ways are widely used to ensure the stability of the national currency: 1. improving the regulation of money supply. the …

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faktori ustoychivosti bankovskoy sistemi uzbekistana i ee rol v razvitii realnogo sektora ekonomiki * pulning mohiyati, turlari va funksiyalari inflyatsiya tushunchasi, ko’rsatkichlari va o’lchanishi o’sish sur’atlariga ko’ra inflyatsiya turlari inflyatsiya sabablari inflyatsiyaning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy oqibatlari va inflyatsiyaga qarshi siyosat 6-mavzu. pul va inflyatsiya r e j a : * navernoe, est smisl nachat s izlojeniya faktov i nekotorix dannix po bankovskoy sisteme inflyatsiya o’zi nima??? inflyatsiya (lotincha inflatio - shishish, bo’rtish, taranglashish) – ma’lum davr mobaynida mamlakatda narxlar o’rtacha (umumiy) darajasining barqaror o’sishi, pulning xarid qobiliyatini uzoq muddatli pasayishi. inflyatsiya bozor iqtisodiyotining asosiy izdan chiqaruvchi omillari jumlasiga kiradi, un...

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