bioinformatika

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bazi i banki dannix. lektsiya №2 ma'ruzachi: kushanov f.n. reja: bioinformatikaning fan sifatida shakllanish tarixi. uning predmeti, vazifalari va ob'ektlari. zamonaviy biologik tadqiqotdarda bioinformatikaning ahamiyati. bioinformatika rivojlanish bochqichlari va yutuqlari. gen ontologiyasi bioinformatika o'zi nima? matematik hisoblash usullari hamda informatsion texnologiyalar yordamida turli xil biologiyadagi muammolarni echish bilan shug'ullanadigan fan sohasi * bioinformatika tarixi bioinformatikaning yaralish tarixi 13 asrlarga borib taqaladi. matematika tarixiga fibonachchi (fibonacci) nomi bilan kirib kelgan yosh italyan leonardo (leonardo of pisa) biologik jarayonning birinchi matematik modelini tuzgan holda quyonlarning ko'payishi to'g'risidagi masalani tavsiflab bergan. xx asrning 20 yillariga kelib yana bir italyan olimi vito volterra (vito volterra) “o'lja-yirtqich” ko'rinishidagi ikki biologik turning o'zaro harakat modelini yaratdi. 40 yillar oxirida biologiyaga fizik va matematiklar kirib kela boshladi. biologiyaning zamonaviy tarixi 1953 yildan, amerika olimlari jeyms uotson (james watson) hamda frensis krik (francis crick) tomonidan dnk ning qo'sh spiralligi kashf qilingan davrdan boshlandi. bioinformatika asoschilari laynus poling 1962 …

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ingan ma'lumotlarning shu qadar ko'payib ketganligi va bunda har bir omilning eslab qolinishi va tahlil qilinishida inson imkoniyatlari chegaralanib qolganligi hamda tobora ko'payib borayotgan axborot xajmini sahlash zaruriyati tug'ilganligi bilan bog'lanadi. ilk ketma-ketliklari aniqlangan bir necha yuz oqsillar haqida ma'lumotlar kitob-atlas shaklida nashr qilingan edi. structural genomics pharmaco-genomics functional genomics proteomics genomics bioinformatics * genom – termini 1920 yilda nemis botanigi gans vinkler tomonidan xromosomaning to'liq (gaploid) to'plamini tashkil etuvchi genlar kollektsiyasini tavsiflash maqsadida kiritildi genomika – termini esa 1986 yilda genetik tomas roderik tomonidan genomlarni kartalashtirish, sekvenslash va tavsiflashni masadida kiritildi. dastlabki“ma'lumotlar banki” oqsil ketma-ketliklari va ularning tuzilishi bo'yicha atlas-kitob 1965 -1978 * swiss-prot ma'lumotlar banki 1986 swiss-prot – oqsil ketma-ketliklari ma'lumotlar bazasi http://www.expasy.org/sprot/ amos bayrox - shveytsaryadagi bioinformatika instituti swiss-prot guruhi rahbari xujjatlar miqdorining o'sish sur'atlari 24 yanvar 2006 yilda 206,586 xujjat 1986 2006 2001 swiss-prot ma'lumotlar banki trembl ma'lumotlar banki embl ma'lumotlar bankidan kodlanadigan nukleotidlar ketma-ketligining qonuniy …

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ttattaaagaagtagtgtgtgccacaacactcacattgcatatcaatacggcctttatgttcggctaatatttcgtcaatttcttcatcagagatgagcagtagatgcagaactagaacgctcagcagagcagccacagaaaaattgtacatcttgtgctggataaagattaacggtttcttcgtgatataaacgataggagtaactcttctgcagggagaccaaataattcttcatcttttactgttgctgcgagcgtagttaaatgctcaaaatcttctggtgtaccagaaccatcaggcataatttgtaataacatacctgctgccactggcttgccttcatattctccagtacgaataattaattgagtttgaagactcatattttcagtgaagtttcgatcgcccttaggaggggccgcgctttctctttcaa pir-psd bioinfrmatika servis markazlari va resurslari genomni sekvenslash (nukleotid ketma-ketligini aniqlash) bioinformatikada foydalaniladigan fayllar formatlari fasta >roa1_drome rea guano receptor type iii >> 0.1 mvnsnqnqngnsnghdddfpqdsitepehmrklfiggldyrttdenlkahekwgnivdvvvmkdprtkrsrgfgfityshssmideaqksrphkidgrvepkravprqdidspnagatvkklfvgalkddhdeqsirdyfqhfgnivdnividketgkkrgfafvefddydpvdkvvlqkqhqlngkmvdvkkalpkndqqgggggrggpggraggnrgnmgggnygnqngggnwnnggnnwgnnrgndnwgnnsfgggggggggygggnnswgnnnpwdngngggnfggggnnwnggndfggyqqnygggpqrgggnfnnnrmqpyqggggfkagggnqgnygnnqgfnnggnnrry >roa2_drome rea guano ligand mvnsnqnqngnsnghdddfpqdsitepehmrklfiggldyrttdenlkahekwgnivdvvvmkdptststststststststmideaqksrphkidgrvepkravprqdidspnagatvkklfvgalkddhdeqsirdyfqhllllllldlllldlllldlllfvefddydpvdkvvlqk qhqlngkmvdvkkalpkndqqgggggrggpggraggnrgnmgggnygnqngggnwnnggnnwgnnrgndnwgnnsfgggggggggygggnnswgnnnpwdngngggnfggggnnwnggndfggyqqnygggpqrgggnfnnnrmqpyqggggfkagggnqgnygnnqgfnnggnnrry * genbank locus scu49845 5028 bp dna pln 21-jun-1999 definition saccharomyces cerevisiae tcp1-beta gene, partial cds, and axl2p (axl2) and rev7p (rev7) genes, complete cds. accession u49845 version u49845.1 gi:1293613 keywords . source saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) organism saccharomyces cerevisiae eukaryota; fungi; ascomycota; saccharomycotina; saccharomycetes; saccharomycetales; saccharomycetaceae; saccharomyces. reference 1 (bases 1 to 5028) authors torpey,l.e., gibbs,p.e., nelson,j. and lawrence,c.w. title cloning and sequence of rev7, a gene whose function is required for d

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na damage-induced mutagenesis in saccharomyces cerevisiae journal yeast 10 (11), 1503-1509 (1994) pubmed 7871890 reference 2 (bases 1 to 5028) authors roemer,t., madden,k., chang,j. and snyder,m. title selection of axial growth sites in yeast requires axl2p, a novel plasma membrane glycoprotein journal genes dev. 10 (7), 777-793 (1996) pubmed 8846915 reference 3 (bases 1 to 5028) authors roemer,t. title direct submission journal submitted (22-feb-1996) terry roemer, biology, yale university, new haven, ct, usa features location/qualifiers source 1..5028 /organism="saccharomyces cerevisiae" /db_xref="taxon:4932" /chromosome="ix" /map="9" cds <1..206 /codon_start=3 /product="tcp1-beta" /protein_id="aaa98665.1" /db_xref="gi:1293614" /translation="ssiyngistsgldlnngtiadmrqlgivesyklkravvssasea aevllrvdniirarprtanrqhm" gene 687..3158 /gene="axl2" cds 687..3158 /gene="axl2" /note="plasma membrane glycoprotein" /codon_start=1 /function="required for axial budding pattern of s. cerevisiae" /product="axl2p" /protein_id="aaa98666.1" /db_xref="gi:1293615" /translation="mtqlqisllltatisllhlvvatpyeaypigkqyppvarvnesf tfqisndtykssvdktaqityncfdlpswlsfdsssrtfsgepssdllsdanttlyfn ------------------------------------------//--------------------------------------------------------- ygsqktvdteklfdleapekekrtsrdvtmssldpwnsnispspvrksvtpspynvtk rnrhlqniqdsqsgkngitpttmstsssddfvpvkdgenfcwvhsmepdrrpskkrl vdfsnksnvnvgqvkdihgripeml" gene complement(3300..4037) /gene="rev7" cds complement(3300..4037) /gene="rev7" /codon_start=1 /product="rev7p" /protein_id="aaa98667.1" /db_xref="gi:1293616" /translation="mnrwvekwlrvylkcyinlilfyrnvyppqsfdyttyqsfnlpq fvpinrhpalidyieelildvlsklthvyrfsiciinkkndlciekyvldfselqhvd kddqiitetevfdefrsslnslimhleklpkvnddtitfeavinaielelghkldrnr rvdsleekaeierdsnwvkcqedenlpdnngfqppkikltslvgsdvgpliihqfsek lisgddkilngvysqyeegesifgslf" origin 1 gatcctccat atacaacggt atctccacct caggtttaga tctcaacaac ggaaccattg 61 ccgacatgag acagttaggt atcgtcgaga gttacaagct aaaacgagca gtagtcagct 121 ctgc

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atctga agccgctgaa gttctactaa gggtggataa catcatccgt gcaagaccaa 181 gaaccgccaa tagacaacat atgtaacata tttaggatat acctcgaaaa taataaaccg 241 ccacactgtc attattataa ttagaaacag aacgcaaaaa ttatccacta tataattcaa 301 agacgcgaaa aaaaaagaac aacgcgtcat agaacttttg gcaattcgcg tcacaaataa ------------------------------------------//---------------------------------------------- 4621 tcttcgcact tcttttccca ttcatctctt tcttcttcca aagcaacgat ccttctaccc 4681 atttgctcag agttcaaatc ggcctctttc agtttatcca ttgcttcctt cagtttggct 4741 tcactgtctt ctagctgttg ttctagatcc tggtttttct tggtgtagtt ctcattatta 4801 gatctcaagt tattggagtc ttcagccaat tgctttgtat cagacaattg actctctaac 4861 ttctccactt cactgtcgag ttgctcgttt ttagcggaca aagatttaat ctcgttttct 4921 ttttcagtgt tagattgctc taattctttg agctgttctc tcagctcctc atatttttct 4981 tgccatgact cagattctaa ttttaagcta ttcaatttct ctttgatc // * genlarni xaritalash “odam genomi” loyihasi 1990-2003 * genom revolyutsiyasi genomni kartalashtirish genomni sekvenslash genomni annotatsiyalash (genlarni aniqlash) funktsional tahlil odam genomini o'rganish bo'yicha ilmiy tadqiqotlar – ya'ni, odam genomi xaritasini tuzib chiqish ishlari aqsh da 1984–yilda rejalashtirilgan. 20 asrning 70 yillari boshlarigacha odam genetik kartalari tuzish juda sekin darajada rivojlangan. odamning birinchi geni (rangni ajrata olmaslik geni) 1911 yilda x-xromosomasida kartalashtirilgan. birinchi autosom geni 1968 yilda kartalashtirilgan. 1973 yilga kelib odam xromasomasida …

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bazi i banki dannix. lektsiya №2 ma'ruzachi: kushanov f.n. reja: bioinformatikaning fan sifatida shakllanish tarixi. uning predmeti, vazifalari va ob'ektlari. zamonaviy biologik tadqiqotdarda bioinformatikaning ahamiyati. bioinformatika rivojlanish bochqichlari va yutuqlari. gen ontologiyasi bioinformatika o'zi nima? matematik hisoblash usullari hamda informatsion texnologiyalar yordamida turli xil biologiyadagi muammolarni echish bilan shug'ullanadigan fan sohasi * bioinformatika tarixi bioinformatikaning yaralish tarixi 13 asrlarga borib taqaladi. matematika tarixiga fibonachchi (fibonacci) nomi bilan kirib kelgan yosh italyan leonardo (leonardo of pisa) biologik jarayonning birinchi matematik modelini tuzgan holda quyonlarning ko'payishi to'g'risidagi masalani tavsiflab bergan. xx asrni...

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