mexanika

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4 mexanika 6 – ma’ruza fizika kafedrasi 2018 k.p.abduraxmanov, v.s.xamidov fizika i 1 2 ma’ruza rejasi noinersial sanoq tizimlari. inersiya kuchi. inersial sanoq tizimlari. galiley almashtirishlari. eynshteyn postulatlari. lorens almashtirishlari. lorens almashtirishlariga nisbatan harakat tenglamasining invariantligi. 3 galiley almashtirishlari - ikkita inersial sanoq tizimlarida sodir bo‘layotgan hodisaning koordinata va vaqtini o‘zaro bog‘lovchi tenglamalar. hodisa sodir bo‘lgan joy (x,y,z koordinatalar) va t vaqt momenti bilan ifodalanadi. 4 galileyning nisbiylik prinsipi: birinchi differensiallash ikkinchi differensiallash berilgan sanoq tizimini tinch holatda bo‘lishi yoki to‘g‘ri chiziqli va tekis harakat qilishini xech qanday mexanikaviy tajribalar orqali isbotlash mumkin emas. barcha inersial sanoq tizimlarida mexanika qonunlari bir xil ko‘rinishda bo‘ladi. klassik mexanikada tezliklarni qo‘shish qonuni 5 galiley almashtirishlarining natijalari: - ikkita sanoq tizimlarida vaqt o‘tishi birxildir. t = t' – nyuton mexanikasida vaqtning absolyutligi. - ikkita sanoq tizimlarida massalarning tengligi. m = m'- har xil inersial sanoq tizimlarida massalarning absolyutligi. - ikkita sanoq tizimlarida massalar tezlanishlarining …

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oq tizimlarida vakuumdagi yorug‘lik tezligi manba’ning harakati yoki yorug‘lik qabul qiluvchining harakatiga bog‘liq emas. 8 lorens almashtirishlari lorens almashtirishlari – ikkita inersial sanoq tizimlarida qandaydir hodisaning koordinatalari va vaqtini bog‘lovchi tenglamalardir. galiley almashtirishlaridan farqli lorens almashtirishlari mnn postulatlariga zid emas: ya’ni harakatning absolyutligini va yorug‘lik tezligi doimiyligini kuzataolmaslik postulati. k va k sanoq tizimlarini kuzataylik. k sanoq tizimini shartli qo‘zg‘almas deb hisoblaymiz. qandaydir hodisa paydo bo‘layotganligini faraz qilaylik. x, u, z, t - k sanoq tizimidagi hodisaning koordinatalari va vaqtning qiymatlari; k‘ sanoq tizimida esa — x', y', z', t‘ qiymatlar bilan belgilanadi. k‘ sanoq tizimi yorug‘lik tezligiga yaqin tezlik bilan harakatlanadi. 9 to‘g‘ri o‘zgartirish teskari o‘zgartirish y = y' y' = y z = z' z' = z k sanoq tizimidan k‘ sanoq tizimiga o‘tish k' sanoq tizimidan k sanoq tizimiga o‘tish maxsus nisbiylik nazariyasida bir sanoq tizimidan ikkinchisiga o‘tishning lorens almashtirishlari. 10 bu ifodalarda s = 3108 m/s …

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atlanayotgan sterjenning uzunligi tinch holatda turgan sterjenning uzunligidan doimo kichik bo‘ladi. 16 tezliklarni o‘zgartirish tezliklarni qo‘shishning relyativistik qonuniga ko‘ra, yorug‘lik tezligidan kichik yoki unga teng bo‘lgan ikkita tezlikning yig‘ndisi yorug‘lik tezligidan katta bo‘lmaydi. 17 k tizimda moddiy nuqta tezlik bilan, k' tizimning o‘zi esa k tizimga nisbatan u tezlik bilan harakatlanayotgan bo‘lsin. k tizimda zarrachaning tezligi tashkil etuvchilari quyidagi ifodalar bilan aniqlanadi: k' tizimda o‘sha zarrachaning tezlik tashkil etuvchilari quyidagilarga teng: lorens almashtirishlaridan foydalanib: 18 chunki shunga o‘xshash 19 relyativistik impuls klassik mexanikada, bo‘lganda relyativistik mexanikada, bo‘lganda harakat tenglamasi klassik mexanikadagiga o‘xshash kuchning invariant bo‘lmagan kattalik ekanligi ko‘rinib turibdi relyativistik dinamika 20 energiyaning relyativistik ifodasi kuch 21 energiyaning relyativistik ifodasi relyativistik mexanikada ish zarracha massasining oshishi bilan aniqlanadi - tinchlikdagi energiya to‘la energiya ma’lumki, 22 relyativistik invariantlik xulosa: energiya va impuls ralyativistik mexanikada doimo saqlanib qolmaydi 23 foydalanilgan adabiyotlar 1. q.p.abduraxmanov, v.s.xamidov, n.a.axmedova. fizika. darslik. toshkent. 2018 y. 2. k.p.abduraxmanov, …

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ct89.bin image68.wmf image69.wmf image70.wmf image71.wmf image72.wmf image74.wmf oleobject100.bin oleobject101.bin image73.wmf oleobject103.bin oleobject97.bin oleobject98.bin oleobject99.bin image75.wmf image76.wmf image77.wmf image78.wmf image79.wmf image80.wmf oleobject107.bin oleobject108.bin oleobject109.bin oleobject104.bin oleobject105.bin oleobject106.bin image81.wmf image82.wmf image83.wmf image84.wmf image85.wmf image86.wmf oleobject113.bin oleobject114.bin oleobject115.bin oleobject110.bin oleobject111.bin oleobject112.bin image87.wmf image88.wmf image89.wmf oleobject116.bin oleobject117.bin oleobject118.bin image90.wmf image91.wmf image92.wmf image93.wmf image94.wmf image95.wmf oleobject122.bin oleobject123.bin oleobject124.bin oleobject119.bin oleobject120.bin oleobject121.bin image96.wmf image97.wmf image98.wmf image99.wmf image100.wmf image101.wmf oleobject128.bin oleobject129.bin oleobject130.bin oleobject125.bin oleobject126.bin oleobject127.bin image102.png k ¢ y ¢ z ¢ x xxt yy zz tt ¢ =+ ¢ = ¢ = ¢ = v t g v r v=const m x y z k ¢ ¢ x ( ) dt dxdx dtdtdt ¢ =+ v ¢ = xx aa ¢ = yy aa ¢ = zz aa ¢ =+ xx vvv uy ¢ = zz ¢ = ¢ = yy vv ¢ = zz vv dd d dtdtdt ¢ =+ xx vv v d udy …

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4 mexanika 6 – ma’ruza fizika kafedrasi 2018 k.p.abduraxmanov, v.s.xamidov fizika i 1 2 ma’ruza rejasi noinersial sanoq tizimlari. inersiya kuchi. inersial sanoq tizimlari. galiley almashtirishlari. eynshteyn postulatlari. lorens almashtirishlari. lorens almashtirishlariga nisbatan harakat tenglamasining invariantligi. 3 galiley almashtirishlari - ikkita inersial sanoq tizimlarida sodir bo‘layotgan hodisaning koordinata va vaqtini o‘zaro bog‘lovchi tenglamalar. hodisa sodir bo‘lgan joy (x,y,z koordinatalar) va t vaqt momenti bilan ifodalanadi. 4 galileyning nisbiylik prinsipi: birinchi differensiallash ikkinchi differensiallash berilgan sanoq tizimini tinch holatda bo‘lishi yoki to‘g‘ri chiziqli va tekis harakat qilishini xech qanday mexanikaviy tajribalar orqali isbotlash mumkin emas. bar...

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