bolalar va o’smirlarning ovqatlanish tartibi va uni tashkil etish

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prezentatsiya powerpoint ma’ruzachi: phd dosent abdullayev a.o bolalar va o’smirlarning ovqatlanish tartibi va uni tashkil etish. bolalar va o’smirlarning ovqatlanish gigiyenasi reja bolalar va o’smirlarning ovqatlanish tartibi va uni tashkil etish. ovqatning sifat miqdori va kuchlilik ahamiyati. muvozanatlangan ratsion tuzishning amaliy ahamiyati. bolalar va o’smirlarning ovqatlanish gigiyenasi. ovqatdan zaharlanish. zaharlanish belgilari va hillari. . v organizme cheloveka proisxodit postoyannoe obnovlenie kletochnix struktur, sinteziruyutsya i razrushayutsya razlichnie ximicheskie soedineniya sovokupnost vsex ximicheskix reaktsiy, protekayushix v organizme, nazivaetsya obmenom veshestv (metabolizmom) v protsesse individualnogo razvitiya cheloveka obmen veshestv i energii preterpevaet ryad kolichestvennix i kachestvennix izmeneniy. prejde vsego sushestvenno menyaetsya sootnoshenie mejdu dvumya fazami metabolizma: assimilyatsiey i dissimilyatsiey assimilyatsiya – protsess usvoeniya organizmom pitatelnix veshestv, v rezultate kotorogo oni stanovyatsya sostavnoy chastyu jivix struktur ili otkladivayutsya v vide zapasov v organizme dissimilyatsiya – protsess raspada organicheskix soedineniy na prostie veshestva, v rezultate kotorogo proisxodit videlenie energii, neobxodimoy dlya jiznedeyatelnosti organizma dlya jiznedeyatelnosti …

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spolzovat ix – libo kak istochniki energii, libo kak stroitelnie bloki dlya bolee krupnix molekul protsess rasshepleniya slojnix molekul na bolee prostie s ispolzovaniem fermentov nazivayut katabolizmom. eda, postupayushaya izvne, doljna proyti cherez katabolizm, v otlichie ot makromolekul vnutri nashix sobstvennix kletok piruvat atsetil-koa tipichnaya eukarioticheskaya kletka sposobna k sintezu okolo 30000 razlichnix belkov, kataliziruyushix tisyachi reaktsiy, v kotorix obrazuyutsya sotni metabolitov – mnogie zadeystvovani v neskolkix metabolicheskix putyax kletki obladayut potryasayushey sposobnostyu odnovremenno i ekonomno osushestvlyat vse eti vzaimosvyazannie metabolicheskie prevrasheniya i poluchat kajdiy produkt v strogo opredelyonnom kolichestve i v strogo opredelyonniy moment vremeni pri izmenyayushixsya usloviyax vneshney sredi glavnimi osobennostyami obmena veshestv u detey yavlyayutsya: - preobladanie protsessov assimilyatsii nad protsessami dissimilyatsii, chto privodit k rostu i uvelicheniyu massi tela, differentsirovke tkaney - visokaya intensivnost obmennix protsessov - visokaya labilnost metabolicheskix protsessov, obuslovlivayushaya neustoychivost gomeostaza - povishennaya potrebnost v belkax dlya postroeniya novix struktur, samoobnovleniya, regeneratsii - …

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stupivshego s pishey i vivedennogo iz organizma azotistoe ravnovesie – polojitelniy azotistiy balans – otritsatelniy azotistiy balans – klass belkov primer funktsiya fermenti tsitoxrom s tripsin uchastvuet v perenose elektronov gidroliz peptidov transportnie belki mioglobin gemoglobin lipoproteini perenos o2 v mishtsax perenos o2 v krovi perenos lipidov iz pecheni v drugie organi pishevie i zapasnie belki yaichniy albumin kazein ferritin osnovnoy komponent yaichnogo belka glavniy belok moloka depo jeleza sokratitelnie i dvigatelnie belki aktin i miozin tubulin funktsioniruyut v sokratitelnoy sisteme skeletnix mishts komponent mikrotrubochek strukturnie belki kollagen keratin komponent xryashey i suxojiliy soderjitsya v volosax, nogtyax i peryax zashitnie belki antitela fibrinogen i trombin raspoznayut pronikshie v organizm bakterii, virusi ili chujerodnie belki i neytralizuyut ix uchastvuyut v protsesse svyortivaniya krovi regulyatornie belki gormoni, belki-aktivatori, belki-repressori uchastvuyut v sisteme kletochnoy i fiziologicheskoy aktivnosti dlya rannego etapa razvitiya organizma xarakteren polojitelniy azotistiy balans, dlya zrelogo vozrasta – azotistoe ravnovesie, a …

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– 7 let 4,0 – 4,5 starshe 20 let 1,5 – 2,0 v organizme cheloveka soderjitsya primerno 15 kg belkov. kolichestvo svobodnix aminokislot sostavlyaet okolo 35 g. ejesutochno v organizme raspadaetsya do aminokislot pochti 400 g belkov i stolko je sinteziruetsya. osnovnim istochnikom belkov dlya cheloveka yavlyayutsya pishevie belki. sutochnaya norma potrebleniya belkov sostavlyaet okolo 100 g. vse 20 aminokislot, kotorie vstrechayutsya v belkax, mojno razdelit na 4 gruppi: 1) zamenimie aminokisloti – alanin, asparagin, glutaminovaya kislota, glutamin, prolin, glitsin, serin – sinteziruyutsya v neobxodimix kolichestvax v organizme; 2) nezamenimie aminokisloti – valin, leytsin, izoleytsin, metionin, fenilalanin, triptofan, lizin, treonin – ne mogut sintezirovatsya v organizme; 3) chastichno zamenimie aminokisloti – gistidin, arginin - sinteziruyutsya v organizme ochen medlenno, v kolichestvax, ne pokrivayushix potrebnostey organizma, osobenno v detskom vozraste; 4) uslovno zamenimie aminokisloti – tsistein, tirozin – sinteziruyutsya iz nezamenimix aminokislot metionina i fenilalanina, sootvetstvenno. obmen uglevodov. vozrastnie osobennosti obmena …

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chastvuyut v regulyatsii kislotno-shelochnogo ravnovesiya v organizme, prepyatstvuyut nakopleniyu ketonovix tel pri okislenii jirov - zashitnaya – gialuronovaya kislota prepyatstvuet proniknoveniyu bakteriy cherez kletochnuyu stenku; glyukuronovaya kislota pecheni soedinyaetsya s toksicheskimi veshestvami, obrazuya netoksichnie slojnie efiri, rastvorimie v vode, kotorie vivodyatsya s mochoy; pektini svyazivayut toksini i radionuklidi i vivodyat ix iz organizma uglevodi v organizme rebyonka vipolnyayut ne tolko energeticheskuyu funktsiyu, no v vide glikoproteinov i mukopolisaxaridov igrayut vajnuyu plasticheskuyu rol pri sozdanii osnovnogo veshestva soedinitelnoy tkani, kletochnix obolochek i dr. obmen uglevodov v organizme rebyonka xarakterizuetsya gorazdo bolshey intensivnostyu (v 3-4 raza), chem u vzroslogo xarakternoy osobennostyu regulyatsii uglevodnogo obmena detey yavlyayutsya bolee znachitelnie kolebaniya kontsentratsii glyukozi v krovi po sravneniyu so vzroslimi, obuslovlennie usilennoy utilizatsiey glyukozi rastushim organizmom i nezrelostyu podjeludochnoy jelezi soderjanie glyukozi v plazme krovi natoshak vozrast soderjanie glyukozi mg, % mmol/l novorojdennie 30 - 50 1,67 – 2,77 grudnoy 70 - 90 3,89 – …

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prezentatsiya powerpoint ma’ruzachi: phd dosent abdullayev a.o bolalar va o’smirlarning ovqatlanish tartibi va uni tashkil etish. bolalar va o’smirlarning ovqatlanish gigiyenasi reja bolalar va o’smirlarning ovqatlanish tartibi va uni tashkil etish. ovqatning sifat miqdori va kuchlilik ahamiyati. muvozanatlangan ratsion tuzishning amaliy ahamiyati. bolalar va o’smirlarning ovqatlanish gigiyenasi. ovqatdan zaharlanish. zaharlanish belgilari va hillari. . v organizme cheloveka proisxodit postoyannoe obnovlenie kletochnix struktur, sinteziruyutsya i razrushayutsya razlichnie ximicheskie soedineniya sovokupnost vsex ximicheskix reaktsiy, protekayushix v organizme, nazivaetsya obmenom veshestv (metabolizmom) v protsesse individualnogo razvitiya cheloveka obmen veshestv i energii preterpevaet ry...

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