lecture 2. structure of the word

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lecture 2. structure of the word discussion points: 1 .morphemic structure of the word 2.morpheme, phoneme and the word difference 3.the morphemic analysis of the word with the help of i.c method 4.types of morphemes 5. the stem and its types 6. splinters 7.synchronic and diachronic approaches to the stem analysis of the word 8.types of words in english key words: morpheme, phoneme, stem, root, allomorph, variant, bound, free, splinter, i.c method, affix. the main unit of the lexical system of a language resulting from the association of a group of sounds with a meaning is a word. this unit is used in grammatical functions characteristic of it. it is the smallest language unit which can stand alone as a complete utterance. a word, however, can be divided into smaller sense units- morphemes. a morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit. the morpheme consists of a class of variants, allomorphs, which …

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morphemes are inflexions (endings), e.g. -s for the plural of nouns, -ed for the past indefinite of regular verbs, -ing for the present participle, -er for the comparative degree of adjectives. how do we analyze the composite nature of words? the method by which the segmentation of words into morphemes is carried out is known as i.c analysis ( the immediate . constituents method). let's analyze the word « denationalize» with the help of i.c . method : de /nation/al/ize. when we analyze the word we compare the word with other words which have the same morphemes. the word «denationalize» may be divided into «de» and «nationalize», because «de» can be found in the structure of such words as «deform», «denature», «denominate». the remaining part «nationalize» can be broken into «national» and «ize»: the reason is the same (organize, homanize, standardize etc), «national» — into «nation» and «al» because «al» …

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fferent types and classes of words are called derivational relations. the basic unit at the derivational level is the stem. the stem is a part of the word which remains unchanged throughout its paradigm. in the word-forms «talk, talks, talked, talking» we can receive the stem «talk». the stem which comes in the paradigm boy, boys, boy's, boys' is boy. in «teacher», «teacher's», «teachers», «teachers» the stem is «teacher». in the second half of the twentieth century the english word building system was enriched by creating so-called splinters which scientists include in the affixation stock of the modern english word building system. splinters are the result of clipping the end or the beginning of a word and producing a number of new words on the analogy with the primary word-group. for example, there are many words formed with the help of the splinter mini-(apocopy produced by clipping the word «miniature»), …

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r» was associated with the english word «ham», and the end of the word «burger» got the meaning «a bun cut into two parts». on the analogy with the word «hamburger» quite a number of new words were coined, such as: «baconburger», «beefburger», «cheeseburger», «fishburger» etc. the splinter «cade» developed by clipping the beginning of the word «cavalcade» which is of latin origin. in latin the verb with the meaning «to ride a horse» is «cabalicare» and by means of the inflexion -ata the corresponding participle is formed. so, the element «cade» is a combination of the final letter of the stem and the inflexion. the splinter «cade» serves to form nouns with the meaning «connected with the procession of vehicles denoted by the first component», e.g. «aircade» - «a group of airplanes accompanying the plane of a vip» , «autocade» - «a group of automobiles escorting the automobile of …

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word «kidnapper» and is used to denote different types of crimesters, such as: «busnapper», «babynapper», «dognapper» etc. from such nouns the corresponding verbs are formed by means of backformation, e.g. «to busnap», «to babynap», «to dognap». the splinter «omat» was formed by clipping the beginning of the word «automat» (a cafe in which meals are provided in slot-machines). the meaning «self-service» is used in such words as «laundromat», «cashomat» etc. another splinter «eteria» with the meaning «self-service» was formed by clipping the beginning of the word «cafeteria». by means of the splinter «eteria» the following words were formed: «groceteria», «booketeria», «booteteria» and many others. the splinter «quake» is used to form new words with the meaning of «shaking», «agitation». this splinter was formed by clipping the beginning of the word «earthquake». there following words were formed with the help of this splinter: «marsquake», «moonquake», «youthquake» etc. the splinter «rama (ama)» …

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lecture 2. structure of the word discussion points: 1 .morphemic structure of the word 2.morpheme, phoneme and the word difference 3.the morphemic analysis of the word with the help of i.c method 4.types of morphemes 5. the stem and its types 6. splinters 7.synchronic and diachronic approaches to the stem analysis of the word 8.types of words in english key words: morpheme, phoneme, stem, root, allomorph, variant, bound, free, splinter, i.c method, affix. the main unit of the lexical system of a language resulting from the association of a group of sounds with a meaning is a word. this unit is used in grammatical functions characteristic of it. it is the smallest language unit which can stand alone as a …

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