lexicology as a science

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lecture 1. lexicology as a science lecture 1. the theme: lexicology as a science points: l.the object of lexicology, two approaches to language study. 2. aims and significance of lexicology, the theoretical and practical value of lexicology. 3.lexicology in relation to grammar, phonetics and stylistics. key words and word combinations: lexis, logos, vocabulary, general lexicology, special lexicology, historical lexicology, descriptive lexicology, vocabulary of the language, synchronic, chronos, diachronic, pitch, loudness, rhythm, duration, juncture, prosodic, suprasegmental, accent. 1.1 the object of lexicology lexicology ( from gr. lexis «word» and logos «learning») is a branch of linguistics dealing with vocabulary of a language and the properties of words as the main units of language. thus, the literal meaning of the term lexicology is «the science of the word». lexicology as a branch of linguistics has its own aims and methods of scientific research, its basic task being a study and systematic description …

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ption of the characteristic peculiarities in the vocabulary of a given language is the subject-matter of special lexicology. it goes without saying that every special lexicology is based on the principles of general lexicology which forms a part of general science of language. the evolution of any vocabulary , as well as of its single elements, forms the object of historical lexicology which discusses the origin of various words, their change and development, and investigates the linguistic and extra-linguistic forces modifying their structure, meaning and usage. descriptive lexicology deals with a vocabulary of a given language at a given stage of its development; it studies the functions of words and their specific structure as a characteristic inherent in the system. the descriptive lexicology of the english language deals with the english words in its morphological and semantic structures, investigating the interdependence between these two aspects. as any science, lexicology directs …

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er remains stable: it's in a constant development and evolution. the rapid advances which are being made in scientific knowledge, the extension of sciences and arts to many new purposes and objects create a continual demand for the formation of new words to express new ideas and notions, new agencies and new wants. the history of a community, its spiritual-cultural evolution must be inevitably reflected in changes of the vocabulary; as objects and ideas are forgotten, the corresponding words or phrases must be out of use, and as new knowledge is gained linguistic forms to match it appear. 1.2. two approaches to language study there are two principal approaches in linguistic science to the study of language material, namely the synchronic (gr. syn- «together, with» and chronos - «time») and the diachronic (gr. dia - «through») approach. the distinction between the two - diachronic (historical) and synchronic (descriptive) ways in …

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present-day english, therefore, different from those of its historical counterpart, cannot be divorced from the latter as the description would have been sadly incomplete if we didn't pay attention to the historical aspect of the problem - the ways and tendencies of vocabulary development. the extra-linguistic forces influencing the words development are considered in historical lexicology. let us illustrate the point by the following example: the verb to sack «dismiss from service» comes from the expression to get the sack, which, probably, rose from the habit of craftsmen of old times, who on getting a job took their own tools to the works; when they left or were dismissed they were given a sack to carry away the tools. closely connected with historical lexicology is contrastive and comparative lexicology whose aims are to study the correlation between the vocabularies of two or more languages, and find out the correspondences between …

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revealing the vocabulary in the making cannot but contribute to the understanding of its workings at present. the language learner will find the notes on modern english lexicology of great practical importance: he'll obtain much valuable information concerning the word-stock and the laws and regulations governing the formation and usage of english words and word-groups. besides, the very notes is aimed at both summarizing the practical material already familiar to the students from foreign language classes and at helping the students to develop skills and habits of generalizing the linguistic phenomena observed. ' - so, this manual on english lexicology will cover the following basic problems: 1. semasiology and semantic classification of lexical units; 2. word-groups and phraseological units; 3. word-structure; 4. word-formation; 5. etymological survey of the english vocabulary; 6. various aspects of vocabulary units and replenishment of modern english word-stock; 7. methods and procedures of lexicological analysis. all …

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lecture 1. lexicology as a science lecture 1. the theme: lexicology as a science points: l.the object of lexicology, two approaches to language study. 2. aims and significance of lexicology, the theoretical and practical value of lexicology. 3.lexicology in relation to grammar, phonetics and stylistics. key words and word combinations: lexis, logos, vocabulary, general lexicology, special lexicology, historical lexicology, descriptive lexicology, vocabulary of the language, synchronic, chronos, diachronic, pitch, loudness, rhythm, duration, juncture, prosodic, suprasegmental, accent. 1.1 the object of lexicology lexicology ( from gr. lexis «word» and logos «learning») is a branch of linguistics dealing with vocabulary of a language and the properties of words as the main units of language....

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