software development life cycle

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software development life cycle system design phase-4 system design what is systems design? preparation of the system’s specifications with focus on the “how” user interfaces (usage, navigation…) database (file structures, inter-relationships…) module function specification (how it transforms input into output) phase-4 system design software platform (operating system, programming language…) software architecture (modules and their interfaces) hardware configuration (workstations, servers, network…) phase-4 system design most creative and challenging phase translates the performance requirements into design specifications tasks how should the problem be solved organisational and job designs prepared phase-4 system design information processing systems design design of the database design of the user interface physical design input data and master files are designed output formats are designed phase-4 system design phase-4 system design results detailed system document procedural flowcharts record layouts report layouts workable plan for implementing candidate system phase-4 system design and when you complete the design? you have: screen …

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ata and software criteria for partitioning representing information, processing steps, control flow… separating function and data detail from abstractions designing in testability, maintainability achieving a complete, consistent, high-quality design the design process what to design considerations functional independence each module satisfies a small part of overall requirements each module has a small interface high cohesion (single-mindedness) and low coupling wasserman’s principles of data design use systematic analysis of data identify all data structures and the operations performed on each use a data dictionary to define data design top-down, do bottom up last represent data on a need-to-know basis develop reusable libraries of common data structures use abstract data types in design and implementation key principles of wasserman's data design: data abstraction : definition : data abstraction involves hiding the complexity of the data structure from the user or application. instead of exposing the underlying details of how data is stored, …

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nkaccount class might encapsulate account balance and provide methods like deposit() and withdraw(). data independence : definition : data independence refers to the separation of the logical view of data (how it is perceived by users or applications) from its physical storage (how it is actually stored in memory or on disk). purpose : this principle allows changes to the physical storage structure without affecting the application logic. it enhances flexibility and makes the system easier to maintain. example : if a database schema changes (e.g., moving from one type of database to another), the application should still be able to access the data without needing to change its code, thanks to data independence. data integrity : definition : data integrity ensures that the data stored in the system is accurate, consistent, and reliable. this is typically achieved through constraints, validation rules, and transaction management. purpose : maintaining data integrity …

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nauthorized access, modification, or destruction. this includes implementing authentication, authorization, encryption, and other security measures. purpose : ensuring data security is essential for protecting sensitive information and maintaining user trust. example : in a healthcare system, patient records should be encrypted and accessible only to authorized personnel with the appropriate credentials. data scalability : definition : data scalability refers to the ability of the system to handle growing amounts of data without degrading performance. this involves designing the data structure to accommodate future growth. purpose : scalability ensures that the system can continue to function efficiently as the volume of data increases. example : a cloud-based e-commerce platform should be designed to handle millions of transactions and customer records without slowing down, using techniques like sharding or partitioning. data usability : definition : data usability focuses on making data easy to access, understand, and use by both end-users and developers. …

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ularity involves organizing data into distinct, self-contained modules or components that can be developed, tested, and maintained independently. purpose : modularity promotes reusability, simplifies maintenance, and reduces the risk of unintended side effects when making changes to the system. example : in a microservices architecture, each service has its own database or data store, promoting modularity and independence. meeting non-functional requirements? after system design ... hardware, network, software platform are selected distribution of application and data is designed so that ... data communication is minimized system can handle peak loads operation and maintenance costs are minimized security, reliability, availability are optimized reusability, portability are maximized considerations the users’ vantage point at each location, the users can access the functions they need and the data they need without excessive cost nor any degradation of service with peak loads. the system designer’s vantage point the processing and the data are optimally located, …

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software development life cycle system design phase-4 system design what is systems design? preparation of the system’s specifications with focus on the “how” user interfaces (usage, navigation…) database (file structures, inter-relationships…) module function specification (how it transforms input into output) phase-4 system design software platform (operating system, programming language…) software architecture (modules and their interfaces) hardware configuration (workstations, servers, network…) phase-4 system design most creative and challenging phase translates the performance requirements into design specifications tasks how should the problem be solved organisational and job designs prepared phase-4 system design information processing systems design design of the database design o...

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