classification of comparative typology

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8– seminar: classification of comparative typology. (2 hours) plan: 1. definition of the term "category". 2. different categories worked out by foreign and russian scholars. 3. typological categories and their main parameters. 4. analyses of typological categories of nouns. 5. general review to the levels of language hierarchy and two plans of languages. key words: typological categories, functional semantic fields, grammatical lexical fields, grammatical form, grammatical meaning, morphological paradigm, grammatical morphemes, notional categories, logical and philosophical categories, functional-semantic categories, super segmental units, interlanguage, interclass, inter level criteria, interlanguage category, inter levelness of typological categories, lexico-grammatical classes of words. linguistics is studied by categories. categories are the basis of linguistic study. in greek “kategoria” - reflection, thought, sign ; in philosophy - the most general and basic concepts that reflect the events in reality and the important, common features and relationships of knowledge. category knowledge and social practice emerged as a …

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substance, state, and relation. i. kant understands category as a form of reason. g.v.f. gegel also made a great contribution in the development of the doctrine of categories. he created a broad and complex system of teaching about categories.the doctrine of categories is also widely covered in the works of e. hartmann, a. schopenhauer, and f. nietzsche. scientists and philosophers work according to the categories proposed by them. the categories have methodological and ideological content, which help a person to understand the essence of being, the role of man in being. each science has its own specific categories, which reflect the characteristics of the science. philosophical categories, in contrast to science categories, summarize the results of the development of specific sciences and describe aspects of methodological and philosophical significance in scientific knowledge. hence, a general concept (time category, causal category) that represents the most important features and relationships of things …

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language , but grammatical categories are not sufficient for typological operations, because 1) they are used within the morphological level only, 2) morphological paradigms are differently developed in different languages. besides, there are some languages with not developed morphology. notional categories are established by danish scholar o. yespersen and russian linguist i. i. meshchaninov. they study the relations between language and mind. all categories may be of two types: linguistic and logical or philosophical. philosophical categories are primary, linguistic categories are secondary. they have different relations. in some cases they coincide. in other cases they don't correspond to each other, for example, there are three real times, which have different realizations. mainly three times must have three time forms in grammar: present, past, future. besides, in logic there exist two biological sexes: male and female. in grammar they correspond to three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, neuter. philosophical sex or gender …

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typological categories must be used. typological categories are established by professor j. buranov. they are connected with typological investigations and consist of the typological form and typological meaning. typological meaning is modified as an abstract notion, which lies under the system of languages under comparison. typological meaning is realized by typological form, which may be expressed by the connection of the affixal morphemes to the root morphemes or to the stem of the words, by sound interchange, by suppletive forms, by the change of the place of the stress in the word, by word order, by the combination of the auxiliary word with the notional one. on the lexical level they may be expressed by derivational suffixes and independent words. on the syntactic level they may be expressed by phrases and sentences. typological categories are modified by the following criteria: interlanguage, interclass, interlevel. typological categories are interlanguage because they are …

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8– seminar: classification of comparative typology. (2 hours) plan: 1. definition of the term "category". 2. different categories worked out by foreign and russian scholars. 3. typological categories and their main parameters. 4. analyses of typological categories of nouns. 5. general review to the levels of language hierarchy and two plans of languages. key words: typological categories, functional semantic fields, grammatical lexical fields, grammatical form, grammatical meaning, morphological paradigm, grammatical morphemes, notional categories, logical and philosophical categories, functional-semantic categories, super segmental units, interlanguage, interclass, inter level criteria, interlanguage category, inter levelness of typological categories, lexico-grammatical classes of words....

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