borrowings in english

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o‘zbekiston respublikasi oliy ta’lim, fan va innovatsiyalar vazirligi __universiteti ro’yxatga olindi №__________ ro’yxatga olindi №__________ “_____” ____________20 y. “_____” ____________20 y. “___________________________ “ kafedrasi “_____________________________ “ fanidan kurs ishi mavzu:________________ bajardi:_________________________________ tekshirdi:_______________________________ ______________ - 20___ borrowings in english content introduction………………………………………………………………… 3 chapter i. borrowings as one of the means of language enrichment…………………………………………………………………...5 1.1. motivation of lexical borrowing……………………………………………5 1.2. features of english loan words ……………………………………………11 chapter ii. borrowings in english from historical point of view ………………………………………………………………………..15 2.1. origin of english loan words………………………………………………15 2.2. classification of borrowings ………………………………………………24 conclusion…………………………………………………………………...30 references …………………………………………………………………...32 introduction english language, as a global language, is exerting greater influence on the world. it has been enlarging along with the development of the society, the progress of science and technology by the way of borrowing from other languages such as french, german, italian, spanish, russian, chinese, japanese, and arabic in the fields of politics, culture, education, economics, science, and technology. …

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e percentage of modern english words derived from each language is 29% from french, 29% from latin, 26% from german, and 6% from greek, the rest accounting for 6%. a great number of words have been borrowed into english language. it has the largest amount of vocabulary that makes the learners confused to understand its semantics, structure, grammar and pronunciation. the loan words were influenced and changed their semantic, structural or more or less morphological meaning, even their phonetic appearance. the main reason for borrowing is to provide a word from the source language variety when there is no suitable existing word in the target language. english language, still, continues to expand its vocabulary by means of loanwords from other languages. the aim of this course paper is to study the origin of borrowing words and their significance today. the object of the work is to carefully study the development …

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another language, while the source language may or may not be related to the target language. not always the whole word is borrowed. sometimes the process of borrowing can be very selective, adopting a foreign form but assigning it a new meaning or adopting a foreign meaning and assigning it to a native form. such different types of borrowings follow. direct borrowings are words taken over from another language with their form and meaning. they can be more or less modified in phonemic shape, spelling or grammar according to the rules of the receiving language, e.g.: vodka from russian, yoghurt from turkish or aloha from hawaiian. from all types of loan words the direct loans are the most numerous. this type of borrowing occurs when an expression in one language is directly translated by native words of another language. the following examples from illustrate such literal translations: firewater and iron …

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d on the intensity of contact. in history such contact resulted from conquest, exploration or colonization, nowadays it may be due to the travelling, trade, immigration, or the spread of mass media. the languages of ethnic minorities and immigrant groups usually tend to borrow from the dominant language. on the other hand, words are also borrowed in the opposite direction, from the subordinate to the dominant language. american english in particular is saturated with borrowings from the languages of immigrants, e.g.: kosher form hebrew via yiddish or taco from spanish. another reason why speakers borrow from other languages is necessity. people need to designate new and unfamiliar concepts, new technologies, things, plants and animals, or unfamiliar food. borrowing helps to fill the gaps in the lexicon and keep abreast of developments in science and technology. that is what motivated a great deal of borrowings from french, latin and greek in …

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semantic change. contemporary english has a number of foreign words in different stages of assimilation. the degree of domestication depends on the length of time the words has been used, from what group of languages the word was borrowed and if it was borrowed orally or in written form. borrowings are divided into three main types: [3;32] 1. fully assimilated words – words fully adapted to the phonetic, grammatical and the lexical system of the new language, e.g.: cup, street, wall, wine (latin); gate, husband, window (scandinavian); chair, face, finish, table (french). 2. partially assimilated words – there is only partial adaptation to the new language system. these borrowings are subdivided into following groups: a) loanwords not assimilated semantically (as they denote objects and notions peculiar to the country from which they come): sheikh, sombrero, maharaja. b) loanwords not assimilated grammatically (nouns borrowed from latin retain their plural forms): bacillus …

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o‘zbekiston respublikasi oliy ta’lim, fan va innovatsiyalar vazirligi __universiteti ro’yxatga olindi №__________ ro’yxatga olindi №__________ “_____” ____________20 y. “_____” ____________20 y. “___________________________ “ kafedrasi “_____________________________ “ fanidan kurs ishi mavzu:________________ bajardi:_________________________________ tekshirdi:_______________________________ ______________ - 20___ borrowings in english content introduction………………………………………………………………… 3 chapter i. borrowings as one of the means of language enrichment…………………………………………………………………...5 1.1. motivation of lexical borrowing……………………………………………5 1.2. features of english loan words ……………………………………………11 chapter ii. borrowings in english from historical point of view ………………………………………………………………………..15 2.1. origin ...

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