nikotin sezuvchan xolinoretseptorlarga ta'sir kiluvchi vositalar

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powerpoint presentation nikotin sezuvchan xolinoretseptorlarga ta'sir kiluvchi vositalar theme of lecture: “n-cholinomimetics. n-cholinoblockers” nicotinic cholinoceptors (n-cholinoceptors) have various localizations. they take part in the transmission of efferent impulses in the autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla, and neuromuscular synapses, in chemoreception and generation of afferent impulses in the carotid body, as well as in interneuronal transmission in the cns. n-cholinomimetics this group includes such alkaloids as nicotine, lobeline and cytisine. they have a two-phase action on n-cholinoceptors (excitatory stage is alternated with inhibitory effect). nicotine is an alkaloid of tobacco leaves. it does not have any therapeutic value. it is used in experimental pharmacology. nicotine affects both peripheral and central n-cholinoceptors. n-cholinoceptors of the autonomic ganglia, on which nicotine has a two-phase effect, are especially sensitive to it. the first phase (excitation) is characterized by a depolarization of the ganglionic neuronal membranes, the second one (inhibition), are provided by competitive antagonism with …

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medulla and carotid body. chemically ganglionic blockers can be divided into the following. - bis-quaternary ammonium compounds v benzohexonium v azamethonium (pentaminum) v trepirium (hygronium) - tertiary amines v pempidine v pachycarpinum there are two groups of drugs. some of them are intended for long-term administration. the main requirements for such drugs are as follows. they have to have high activity after different routes of administration, long duration of action, low toxicity and absence of any serious side effects. it is important that addiction to these drugs would develop as slowly as possible or not develop at all. ganglionic blockers are used for the treatment of obliterating endarteritis, pulmonary edema, and arterial embolism but seldom for hypertension (mainly in hypertensive emergencies). ganglionic blockers of short-term action are used for controlled hypotension. besides, administration of ganglionic blockers prevents the development of negative reflexes on the heart, vessels and other visceral organs, …

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$widely used in anaesthesiology when performing different surgical interventions. by causing relaxation of the skeletal muscles, they significantly facilitate the performance of most operations on the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, as well as on the upper and lower limbs. they are administered in tracheal intubation, bronchoscopy, reduction and reposition of bone fracture fragments. besides, these drugs are sometimes used for the treatment of tetanus and in electroconvulsive therapy. it has to be remembered, that these drugs inhibit or totally stop respiration. this is why they can be used in medical practice only when antagonists and the necessary equipment for artificial ventilation are available. nikotin sezuvchan xolinoretseptorlarni stimullovchi vositalar (n-xolinomimetiklar) bu guruxga alkoloidlar lobelin va tsitizin kiradi. (sm. ximicheskie strukturi). ular n xolinretseptorlarga ikki fazali ta'sir kiladi. (stadiya vozbujdeniya smenyaetsya ugnetayushim effektom). nikotin — tamaki barglarida saklangan alkaloid. (nicotlana tabacum i nicotiana rustled); davolash axamiyati yuk. amalietda eksperimental …$

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ntidueretik effekti xam bor(vazopressinni mikdorini oshiradi) yurakning urishi oldin sekinlashadi (), keyin tezlashadi. (). kichik dozada arterial bosimni kutaradi. sababi simpatik gangliyalarni, tomir yurituvchi markazni stimullaydi, adrenalinni chikishini oshiradi. nikotin kupincha kungil aynitadi,kustiradi. ichak motorikasini oshiradi,katta dozada teskari. bezlarning sekretsiyasini oshiradi keyin susaytiradi nikotinga urganish buladi(tolerantlik) nikotin bilan surunkali zaxarlanganda nafas yullari yalliglanishi,gipersalivatsiya,gipoatsid xolat,ichak motorikasi buzulishi kuzatiladi. undan tashkari arterial bosimi oshadi, taxikardiya,ekstrasistoliya,paroksizmal taxikardiyalar kuzatiladi.ayrim xolatlarda stenokardiya xurujiga sababchi bulishi mumkin,kurish kobiliyati pasayadi.mnstomonidan xam uzgarishlar bulishi mumkin. lobelin — alkaloid, lobelia inflata saklanadi. asosan karotid zonaga xolinomimetik ta'sir kursatadi va reflektor nafas markazini faoliyatini oshiradi. birinchi arterial bosimni tushiradi sung kutaradi. tsitizin nafas markaziga ta'siri buyicha lobelindan kuchli. u xam alkoloid xisoblanib (cytisus laburnum) (thermopsis lanceolata)larda saklanadi. kursatilgan ikkita vosita nafasni stimullash uchun ishlatiladi. ta'siri kiska. undan tashkari tamaki chekish xolatini yukotish uchun ishlatiladi. ( «tabeks», «lobesil»). nikotin sezuvchan xolinoretseptorlarni bloklovchi vositalar. bu guruxga ganlioblokatorlar va nerv mushak sinapslaridan impuls …

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reaktsiyalar ta'sir kilishini bartaraf kiladi. uzok ta'sir kilishi uchun pirilen ishlatiladi. faolligi buyicha benzogeksoniyga uxshash lekin kam zaxarli. u markaziy nerv sistemadan utadi va salbiy ta'sir kilishi mumkin. uchlamchi aminlarga paxikarpin gidroyodid kiradi. bu alkaloid (sophora pachycarpa)da saklanadi. gangliobloklovchi va ta'sir davomi kam. mitometriyni stimullaydi. benzogeksoniy faolligi yukori, ta'sir davomi kam. (3—4 s). pentamin benzogeksoniyga uxshash dori vositasi kiska vakt ta'sir kiluvchi vositalar gigroniy va arfanad 10-20 minut ta'sir kiladi. arfonad gistaminni ajralib chikishini kuchaytiradi va bevosita miotrop kon tomirlarni kengaytiruvchi effekt kursatadi. gigroniy tanlab ta'sir kiluvchi ganliobloklovchi effektga ega, 5- 6 marta arfonaddan zaxarliligi kam. ular boshkaruvchi gipotoniya uchun ishlatiladi(neyroxirurgiya,kukrak xirurgiyasida). xirurgik operatsiyalarda boshkaruvchi gipotoniya xolatida yurak,miya,kon bilan ta'minlanishini yaxshilaydi, miya operatsiyalarida miya shishini oldini oladi. ganglioblokatorlarning nojuya ta'siri. obstipatsiya,paralitik ilius,midriaz,akkomadatsiyani buzilishi,dizartriya,disfagiya.siydik ajralishi buzilishi,ortostatik kollaps. nerv mushak utkazuvchanligini bloklovchi vositalar. (kuraresimon vositalar eki periferik miorelaksantlar) ularning asosiy effekti bu mushaklarni bushashtirish. birinchi bulib bu xossa kurareda aniklangan. shuning uchun …

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powerpoint presentation nikotin sezuvchan xolinoretseptorlarga ta'sir kiluvchi vositalar theme of lecture: “n-cholinomimetics. n-cholinoblockers” nicotinic cholinoceptors (n-cholinoceptors) have various localizations. they take part in the transmission of efferent impulses in the autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla, and neuromuscular synapses, in chemoreception and generation of afferent impulses in the carotid body, as well as in interneuronal transmission in the cns. n-cholinomimetics this group includes such alkaloids as nicotine, lobeline and cytisine. they have a two-phase action on n-cholinoceptors (excitatory stage is alternated with inhibitory effect). nicotine is an alkaloid of tobacco leaves. it does not have any therapeutic value. it is used in experimental pharmacology. nicotine...

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