medical laboratory science recapitulation

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medical laboratory science recapitulation tariku l fig. normal flora resident on the human body fig. common causes of infection and the resulting diseases in the respiratory tract classification of organisms prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms · prokaryotic organisms - (pro = primitive, karyon = nucleus) · prokaryotic cells are more primitive, small and without membrane bound organelles · they are cells of lower life forms · dna structure: · nuclear materials /dna/ is not enclosed by membrane rather distributed in mass through the cytoplasm · single closed loop naked strand with no protein · examples: bacteria, rickettsia, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc · ribosome is smaller · chlorophyll – when present dissolved in cytoplasm · have cell wall · their genetic material is not organized in to chromosome. · they divide by simple dividing system called binary fission. fig. prokaryotic cell · eukaryotic cells – (eu = true, karyon = nucleus) · they …

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of grapes) · sarcina (e.g. sarcina ventriculi) - (lat. sarcio—to tie) · bacilli (rod-shaped cells · chain of bacilli (e,g. bacillus anthracis) · flagellate rods (e,g. salmonella typhi) · spore former (e,g. clostridium botulinum) · spiral – shaped cells · spirilla (e.g. helicobacter pylori) · spirochaetes (e.g, treponema pallidum) · vibrios (comma-shaped cells) – e.g. vibrio cholerae bacterial growth and nutrition 1. prokaryotic bacteria have three major nutritional needs for growth. a. a source of carbon is needed for the synthesis of cellular constituents. b. a source of nitrogen is necessary for the synthesis of protein. c. energy (atp) is needed for cellular functions. 2. the optimum ph for the growth of most bacteria is 7.0 to 7.5. · acidophiles grow at an acidic ph · alkaliphiles grow optimally at an alkaline ph. 3. a wide range of growth temperatures facilitate the growth of bacteria. · the optimum growth temperature …

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eneration than fermentation bacterial growth curve the different phases of the bacteria during its growth cycle at the given time interval refers to “the growth curve of bacteria”. how does the growth curve obtain? · first, take the sample of bacteria. · then inoculate it into the fresh culture medium (nutrient broth) that contains all the nutrients for the growth. · then incubate the bacteria for at time intervals and determine the count of bacterial cells at that given time interval by the use of a spectrophotometer. · after noting down the readings a standard graph is prepared between the numbers of bacterial cell vs time interval · and by this way, a standard growth curve is obtained. the growth curve of bacteria can be obtained by the following protocol: phases of growth curve of bacteria there are distinct four phases of the growth curve of bacteria. 1. lag phase …

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low down. · overall, there is no increase in cell number and cell mass. · factors that slow down the process of cell division can be due to: · limited nutrient availability · accumulation of toxic product · an acidic ph of media · low oxygen availability · here, the number of cells produced = the number of cells dying 4. death phase: · this phase also refers to “decline phase”, which is the last stage of the growth curve. · in this, the population size decreases at the logarithmic rate. · death phase is characterized by the loosing of cell division ability of microorganisms. · here, the number of cells produced golden yellow colony on blood agar : - biochemical test = > s.aureus, catalase and coagulase positive culture (catalase +ve for staphylococcus (coagulase +ve for s. aurous -ve for staphylococcus epidermis and saprophytes · the two coagulase negative …

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ryngitis i.e. acute sore throat (tonsillitis) · rash of scarlet fever caused by erythrogenic toxin · it can also cause immunoloogice disease (post streptococcal disease) · acute rheumatoid fever is a reaction b/n bacterial antigen and human heart and joint tissue antigen · acute glomerular nephritis is an immune complex bound to glomerulus (kidney damage) cause proteinuria lab diagnosis specimen: - throat swab, pus blood microscopy: - gram stain result: - gram positive cocci in chain culture: - colonies morphology – beta hemolytic on blood agar : - biochemical test – catalase negative s. agalactiae (group b streptococci) characteristics · gram positive cocci in chain · beta hemolytic · catalase negative transmission · habitat in human vagina · can occur during birth · common in immune compromise adult · has an unknown virulence factor pathogenesis · neonatal meningitis and sepsis · post partum fever lab diagnosis specimen: -vaginal swab, csf …

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medical laboratory science recapitulation tariku l fig. normal flora resident on the human body fig. common causes of infection and the resulting diseases in the respiratory tract classification of organisms prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms · prokaryotic organisms - (pro = primitive, karyon = nucleus) · prokaryotic cells are more primitive, small and without membrane bound organelles · they are cells of lower life forms · dna structure: · nuclear materials /dna/ is not enclosed by membrane rather distributed in mass through the cytoplasm · single closed loop naked strand with no protein · examples: bacteria, rickettsia, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc · ribosome is smaller · chlorophyll – when present dissolved in cytoplasm · have cell wall · their genetic material is …

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