engineering

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independent work № 1. variant 1 task i. read and translate the text into your native language: engineering engineering is a science which deals with design, construction and operation of structures, machines, engines and other devices used in industry and every day life. that there is no single meaning of this word makes it sometimes difficult to find the proper russian equivalents at once. the most widely used ones are: engineering, architecture, machine building, technics. the term ‘engineering’ is a modern one. however the art of building houses, palaces, temples, pyramids and other structures was known as far back as many thousand years ago. now we call it ‘civil engineering’ it may be of interest for the students to learn that at the time of the roman empire there were already two branches of engineering: civil engineering and military engineering. the former included the building of houses, roads, bridges, etc., …

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was that they separated themselves from civil engineering and called themselves “mechanical engineers” it was that trend that laid the foundation for a new branch of engineering, the one that was called mechanical engineering. task 2. translate into english. “engineering” atamasi juda ko’p ma’nolarga ega. eng keng tarqalgan ma’nolaridan biri ”texnika”dir. 2.texnikaning eng eski soxalaridan biri fuqarolik qurilishi hisoblanadi.u binolar ,ko’priklar,yo’llar,suv havzalari ,tunnel,temir yo’l qurilishi bilan bog’liqdir.3. mashinasozlikning paydo bo’lishi bug’ mashinasini ixtiro etilishi bilan bog’liq bo’lgan. muxandis-mexanik turli mashinalarni loyixalaydi va quradi.ular dvigatellarni,turbinalarni,dastgoh va konveyyerlarni loyixalaydi va yasaydilar.5. texnikaning yana bir muxim soxasi elektrotexnikadir.uning rivojlanishi elektr soxasidagi yutuqlar bilan bog’liq. 6. xx asr o’rtalarida mashinasozlikning yangi soxalari:yadroviy texnika va koinot(kosmik) texnika paydo bo’ldi.bu ikki soxa fan va texnikaning barcha soxalarining yutuqlariga asoslanadi. task 4. listening it’s hard to believe __________________ had computers a few years ago. i wonder how people lived. there must have been _______________ paperwork. i can’t …

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eering occupies a prominent position among modern production processes. it is mechanical engineering that deals with the design and construction of steam engines, turbines, air –conditioning and refrigeration devices. conveyors, escalators and elevators are also designed by mechanical engineers. and again, it is the mechanical engineer that designs machine-tools for various operations and it is he who applies these machine-tools in various production processes. one must know that aeronautics is also one of the branches of mechanical engineering, the one that deals with the mechanics of moving bodies in fluid or air. turning back to history, it is well to recollect that in the 19th century, with the development of the science of electricity, there appeared another branch of engineering-electrical engineering. now the latter is divided into two main branches: communications engineering and power engineering. the former deals with minute quantities of electricity which are used for all kinds of …

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composition, foundation, refrigeration. task 3. translate the following words steam engines elevators turbines switches conveyors escalators fluid latter air-conditioning refrigeration devices physical composition mechanics machine-tools quantity production processes aeronautics branches mechanical engineering transformers moving bodies chemical engineering communications engineering power engineering electrical engineering. task 4. match professions and occupations 1 mechanical engineering a deals with the means for producing power. 2 communications engineering b deals with the design and construction of steam engines, turbines, air –conditioning and refrigeration devices 3 power engineering c designs radio, television and telephone equipment 4 chemical engineering d deals with the building of houses, bridges, roads, tunnels, dams, water systems, the construction of railroads, underground railways, industrial structures, land, water and air transport. 5 civil engineering e deals with changing of the state, energy content, chemical or physical composition of various materials. task 4. listening the united nations ______________ organization. it was started after world …

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pure science, and especially from what is known as engineering science to technology. the major portion of the field covered by the following branches: aeronautical, agricultural, chemical, civil, electrical, industrial, mechanical, metallurgical, and nuclear engineering. a civil engineer may aim at highway engineering, structural engineering or some other branch and his education will be influenced to some extent by choice, he has made. similarly, a mechanical engineer may aim at automotive, machine-tool, aeronautical or general production engineering; an electrical engineer may aim at heavy current work, such as power supply, or at light current work, such as telephone communications, or at work in the field of electronics. modern engineering demands a sound training in general sciences particularly in physics, mathematics and chemistry. it may be added that for certain industries a basic knowledge of biology is also essential. one can easily understand that the relative importance of the fundamental sciences …

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independent work № 1. variant 1 task i. read and translate the text into your native language: engineering engineering is a science which deals with design, construction and operation of structures, machines, engines and other devices used in industry and every day life. that there is no single meaning of this word makes it sometimes difficult to find the proper russian equivalents at once. the most widely used ones are: engineering, architecture, machine building, technics. the term ‘engineering’ is a modern one. however the art of building houses, palaces, temples, pyramids and other structures was known as far back as many thousand years ago. now we call it ‘civil engineering’ it may be of interest for the students to learn …

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