semantic fields va lexical fields: a study in structural semantics

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1. semantic fields 2. neologisms. obsolete and archaic words. 3.emotionally coloured words 4. evaluatory words 5. stylistic differences of words 6. the correlation of different aspects of words 1. semantic fields the majority of linguists nowdays agree that the vocabulary should be studied as a system. we must study interrelated systems. for different purposes of study different types of grouping of words may be effective. words joined together by one common semantic component form semantic fields. for example the semantic field of time. one of the most fruitful concepts evolved so far in structural semantics is that of the 'lexical field', closely associated with jost trier and his school. so much has been written of late on this subject that it is unnecessary to go into details. it will be sufficient to recall that lexical fields are highly organized and integrated conceptual spheres whose elements mutually delimit each other and …

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ave all tended to emphasize the differences between these fields in various languages; they have concentrated on what is distinctive in them rather than on what they have in common. yet, beneath all the diversity, there is likely to be an underlying unity which a systematic comparison of these fields would no doubt reveal thus “we are told of striking differences between the number and nature of colour distinctions: there was no single term for 'brown' or 'gray' in latin; russian has two words for'blue'—синий'dark blue' and голубой'sky-blue'; these differences are highly significant, but it would be equally interesting to know whether there are any elements common to all classifications of colors, any distinctions which have to be expressed everywhere and which couid therefore rank as lexical constants”(stephen ullmann). the same point is even more closely noticeable in another closely organized field which has been extensively studied in various languages: …

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nction is made between тесс-свёкор,тёща-свёкровка. it may be noted in passing that the theory of lexical fields has certain affinities with the sapir-whorf hypothesis. trier and his followers would readily agree with whorf that each language contains a 'hidden metaphysics' and that 'we dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages'. there are, however, two important differences between the two schools: (1) lexical fields have so far been explored mainly in the best-known european languages, whereas whorf deliberately turned away from 'standard average european' and concentrated on totally different linguistic systems, notably the american indian ones; (2) the theory of lexical fields is focused on vocabulary, while whorf's most impressive successes were obtained in the grammatical sphere. it would seem, then, that the two approaches, which have developed independently of each other, could usefully supplement one another, and the time may come when they can be combined into …

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not directly but in their spanish, french, denmark forms. chocolate, potato, tomatoo, canoe neologism is any word which is formed according to the productive structural patterns or borrowed from another language and felt by the speakers as something new. so neologisms are newly coined words or phrase or a new meaning for an existing word or a word borrowed from another language. as a result of the development of science and industry many new words appeared in the language. for example. isotope, tape-recorder, supermarket, v-day (victory day). the research of cosmic space gave birth to new words: sputnik, lunik, space-rocket, space - ship. neologisms may be divided into; 1) root words: for example. jeep — a small light motor vehicle, zebra — street crossing place, sputnik, lunik etc; 2) derived words; for example. collaborationist — one who in occupied territory works helpfully with the enemy, to accessorize — to provide …

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ed 0. e. niman and sweldan. the french «army» and «place» replaced the o. e. here and steps. words which are not used generally are called archaisms. archaisms are used in poetic vocabulary. ex, steed (horse), slay (kill), welkin (sky) archaisms should be distinguished from historical terms or historisms which denote historical reality and commonly used in modern english. for example cannon- ball, chain mail, lance, archer, baldric (belt for a sword). 3. emotionally coloured words speech also expresses the speakers attitude to what he is talking about. the speaker may wish to warn, to influence people, to express his approval or disapproval. words expressing emotion are called emotionally coloured words. deminutive and derogatory affixes play an important role in forming emotionally coloured words. for example. daddy, kiddykins, babykins, oldie, blackie. in uzbek: дадажон, сингилгинам, қизалоқ, бўталоқ, interjections also express emotion without naming them: ah!, hush!, hell!, nonsense!, pooh; in …

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1. semantic fields 2. neologisms. obsolete and archaic words. 3.emotionally coloured words 4. evaluatory words 5. stylistic differences of words 6. the correlation of different aspects of words 1. semantic fields the majority of linguists nowdays agree that the vocabulary should be studied as a system. we must study interrelated systems. for different purposes of study different types of grouping of words may be effective. words joined together by one common semantic component form semantic fields. for example the semantic field of time. one of the most fruitful concepts evolved so far in structural semantics is that of the 'lexical field', closely associated with jost trier and his school. so much has been written of late on this subject that …

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