computer networks

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computer networks are the backbone of our digital world, allowing devices to communicate and share resources. 1. networking protocols: imagine a group conversation where everyone follows the same rules for taking turns and speaking clearly. networking protocols function similarly, establishing a common language for devices to communicate on a network.  tcp/ip (transmission control protocol/internet protocol): this is the dominant protocol suite for the internet. tcp is responsible for breaking down data into packets, ensuring reliable delivery by acknowledging receipt and retransmitting lost packets. ip handles addressing, assigning unique ip addresses to devices so they can be identified and located on the network.  other networking protocols: several protocols exist for specific purposes. for example, ftp (file transfer protocol) governs file transfers, while http (hypertext transfer protocol) is the foundation of web communication. 2. network devices: these are the workhorses of a network, the physical equipment that ferries data between …

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e once common, they are less efficient for modern networks as they can create congestion with increased traffic.  modems: these devices act as translators, converting digital data from computers into a format suitable for transmission over physical media like cable lines or phone lines (modulation). on the receiving end, they perform the opposite function, demodulating the signal back into digital data that the computer can understand. 3. network media: network media refers to the physical pathways that carry data signals between devices. here are some common types:  twisted-pair cable: this is the most common type of network cable, consisting of four pairs of insulated wires twisted together to reduce interference. it's affordable and widely used, but susceptible to crosstalk (interference between cable pairs) and has limitations on speed and transmission distance.  coaxial cable: this cable has a thicker core conductor surrounded by insulation and an outer braided …

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connected to it can potentially communicate with any other device also connected. this allows for the free flow of information and resources across geographical boundaries.  standardized protocols: as mentioned earlier, tcp/ip acts as the common language for communication across the diverse networks that make up the internet. this ensures consistent and reliable data exchange regardless of the specific network a device is connected to.  scalability: the internet's design allows it to accommodate an ever- growing number of devices and networks. this flexibility is crucial for its continued growth and evolution. 5. network peripherals: these are additional devices that extend the functionalities of a network. they connect to the network and provide specific services:  network printers: these printers connect to the network, allowing multiple users on the network to share a single printer. this eliminates the need for individual printer connections for each computer and simplifies printer management. …

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computer networks are the backbone of our digital world, allowing devices to communicate and share resources. 1. networking protocols: imagine a group conversation where everyone follows the same rules for taking turns and speaking clearly. networking protocols function similarly, establishing a common language for devices to communicate on a network.  tcp/ip (transmission control protocol/internet protocol): this is the dominant protocol suite for the internet. tcp is responsible for breaking down data into packets, ensuring reliable delivery by acknowledging receipt and retransmitting lost packets. ip handles addressing, assigning unique ip addresses to devices so they can be identified and located on the network.  other networking protocols: several protocols exist for specific purpos...

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