the romans in britain

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lecture 2 lecture 2 table of contents 1. the romans 2. roman life http://www.iadb.co.uk/romans/main.php?p=4 julius caesar first came to britain in 55 bc, but roman army occupied britain almost a century later. julius caesar carried out two expeditions in 55 and 54 bc, neither of which led to immediate roman settlement. almost a century later in 43 ad emperor claudius sent his legions over the sea to occupy britain. map of the west of england in the roman conquest period in the years 43 - 55. the second legion augusta conquered the west of england under the command of a general named vespasian who would later become an emperor. the iron age hill fort of maiden castle (dorset) vespasian met strong resistance from the people of dorset, known as the durotriges, who did not wish to be conquered by the romans. the durotriges lived in hill forts like maiden castle …

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romans built a huge triumphal arch about 25 metres high at richborough to commemorate the conquest of britannia. richborough roman fort (kent) richborough is a good example of a place which was occupied by the romans for the whole of the 360 or so years in which britain was part of the empire. in the 3rd century the romans built a new fort with massive stone walls. the romans had invaded because the celts of britain were working with the celts of gaul (france) against them. the british celts were giving them food, and allowing them to hide in britain. there was another reason. the celts used cattle their ploughs and this meant that richer and heavier land could be farmed. under the celts britain had become an important food producer. it exported corn, animals to the european countries. the romans brought the skills of reading and writing to britain. …

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t soldiers out of britain, the romano-british, the celts were left to fight against the scots, the irish and saxon raiders from germany. roman life the most obvious characteristic of roman britain was its towns, which were the basis of roman administration and civilization. many grew out of celtic settlements, military camps or market centers. at first these towns had no walls. then, probably from the end of the second century to the end of the third century ad, almost every town was given walls. at first many of these were no more than earthworks, but by 300 ad all towns had thick stone walls. the romans left about 20 large towns of 5,000 inhabitants, and almost one hundred smaller ones. many of these towns were at first army camps, and the latin word for camp, castra, has remained part of many town names to this day (with the ending …

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re at first laid by imported craftsmen. there was a growing difference between the rich and those who did the actual work on the land. in some ways life in roman britain seems very civilized. half the entire population died between the ages of 20 or 40, while 15 per cent died before reaching the age of 20. it is difficult to be sure how many people were living in britain when the romans left. probably it was as many as 5 million, partly because of the peace and the increased economic life, which the romans had brought to the country. the new wave of invaders changed all that. the saxon invasion the wealth of britain by the fourth century, the result of its mild climate and centuries of peace, was a temptation to the greedy. at first the germanic tribes only raided britain, but after ad 430 they began …

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st powerful king of his time, he did not control all of england. government and society the saxons created institutions which made the english state strong for the next 500 years. one of these institutions was the king's council, called the witan. by the tenth century the witan was a formal body, issuing laws and charters. it was not at all democratic, and the king could decide to ignore the witan's advice. but he knew that it might be dangerous to do so. for the witan's authority was based on its right to choose kings, and to agree the use of the kind's laws. without its support the king's own authority was in danger. the witan established system which remained an important part of the king's method of government. even today, the king or queen has a privy council, a group of advisers on the affairs of state. anglo-saxon king …

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lecture 2 lecture 2 table of contents 1. the romans 2. roman life http://www.iadb.co.uk/romans/main.php?p=4 julius caesar first came to britain in 55 bc, but roman army occupied britain almost a century later. julius caesar carried out two expeditions in 55 and 54 bc, neither of which led to immediate roman settlement. almost a century later in 43 ad emperor claudius sent his legions over the sea to occupy britain. map of the west of england in the roman conquest period in the years 43 - 55. the second legion augusta conquered the west of england under the command of a general named vespasian who would later become an emperor. the iron age hill fort of maiden castle (dorset) vespasian met …

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