computer architecture

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computer architecture course objective course motivation what is a computer? computer are for? what is computer architecture? understanding computer architecture is crucial for various aspects of computer science and technology. it aids software developers in optimizing their code for better performance, enabling them to design algorithms that take advantage of specific features of the cpu and memory architecture. high-performance computing is achieved through hardware optimization, such as cpus, memory hierarchies, and interconnection networks. power efficiency is also achieved by designing energy-efficient systems, particularly for mobile and iot devices. architects contribute to innovations in computer systems, such as the development of new processors, memory technologies, and interconnects. scalability and parallel computing are also crucial, as they design systems that can handle larger workloads efficiently. computer architecture serves as a foundational topic in computer science education, providing students with a deep understanding of how computers work. it also aids decision-makers in making …

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data is lost when powered off). storage devices like hard drives and ssds provide permanent data storage but are slower. motherboard: the motherboard acts as the central hub, connecting all components like cpu, ram, graphics card, and more. it provides pathways for data communication and power delivery. graphics card: the graphics card handles graphics processing and rendering, crucial for displaying visuals and running demanding applications like games or video editing software. power supply: the power supply converts ac power from the wall outlet into dc power suitable for different components, ensuring their proper functioning. important components of computer architecture i/o devices i/o devices i/o devices i/o devices central processing unit central processing unit - cu central processing unit - alu central processing unit - memory https://www.slideshare.net/skahsan/computer-architecture-70118680?from_search=0 hardware abstraction generations of computers and their characteristics generations of computers can be generalized into mainly five generation : 1. first generation computers –1942 …

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er second. cost – cost was very high. language– machine and assembly language. reliability – high failure rate , failure of circuits per second. power– high power consumption and it generated much heat. b) trends and developments in computer hardware- main component – based on vacuum tubes main memory –magnetic drum secondary memory – magnetic drum & magnetic tape. input media – punched cards & paper tape output media – punched card & printed reports. example – eniac, univac, mark –i,mark-iii , ibm 700 series , ibm 700 series ,ibm 701 series ibm 709 series etc. 2. second generation of computers (1955 to 1964) – based on transistor the invention of transistor lead to start the second generation of computers. vaccum tubes are replaced by transistors. for data storage magnetic tapes and magnetic disks were used. for programming purpose besides machine and assembly languages, high level languages were also used …

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decreased. high level languages were used in this generation. processing speed and storage capacity used of computer increased. a) computer characteristics & capabilities – size – smaller than second generation computers. disk size mini computers. speed – relatively fast as compared to second generation, million instructions per second (mips). cost – cost lower than second generation. language– high level languages like pascal, cobol,basic,c etc. reliability – failure of circuits in weeks. b) trends and developments in computer hardware- main component – based on integrated circuits (ic) primary memory – magnetic core. secondary memory– magnetic tape & magnetic disk. input media – key to tape & key to disk output media – printed reports & video displays. example – ibm-307 series ,cdc 7600 series, pdp (personal data processor ) 4. fourth generation of computers (1975– till now )- based on vlsi microprocessor the fourth generation computers started with the invention of …

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responses & printed reports. example – cray 2, ibm 3090/600 series, ibm as/400/b60 etc. 5.fifth generation of computers ( still in process)-based on ulsi microprocessor, ai in this generation of computer artificial intelligence (ai) concept is adopted. the computers have intelligence quality, default assumptions, decision making capability etc. through these concepts expert systems, knowledge based systems, decision support system are developed. robots are the common example of this type of system. generally this generation of system is expected to be intelligent as mankind. it may hear, understand and work as human being. research and development are continued. a) computer characteristics & capabilities – size –credit card size micro computers. speed – billions instructions per second. cost – cost slightly lower than first generation. language– artificial intelligence (ai) languages like lisp, prolog etc reliability – failure of circuits in year. power– low power consumption. b ) trends and developments in computer …

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computer architecture course objective course motivation what is a computer? computer are for? what is computer architecture? understanding computer architecture is crucial for various aspects of computer science and technology. it aids software developers in optimizing their code for better performance, enabling them to design algorithms that take advantage of specific features of the cpu and memory architecture. high-performance computing is achieved through hardware optimization, such as cpus, memory hierarchies, and interconnection networks. power efficiency is also achieved by designing energy-efficient systems, particularly for mobile and iot devices. architects contribute to innovations in computer systems, such as the development of new processors, memory technologies, and intercon...

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